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gynecologist
diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders, including the breasts
obstetrics
covers pregnancy and childbirth including the physiological and pathological functions of the female reproductive tract; covers care of mother and fetus through pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period
neonatology
a branch that focuses on care of the neonate (newborn) and disorders
urology
disorders and care of the urinary tract in men and women, as well as the male reproductive system such as infertility and sexual dysfunction
internal organs of the female reproductive system
ovaries, fallopian tubes (oviducts and uterine tubes), uterus, vagina
external organs of the female reproductive system
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, Bartholin glands; collectively called the genitalia or vulva
purpose of the female sex organs
to produce and transport ova, discharge ova, or nourish developing fetus
female sex hormones and their purpose
estrogen and progesterone; responsible for secondary sex characteristic development (breast development, regulation of menstrual cycle); estrogen specifically is responsible for development of adipose tissue of the breast around glandular tissue
organs of the male reproductive system
gonads (testes), sperm-transporting ducts (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra), accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands), copulatory organ (penis)
purposes of the male sex organs
-gonads produce gametes and secrete sex hormones -epididymis stores and propels sperm toward the urethra during ejaculation -vas deferens transports sperm from the testes to the urethra -seminal vesicles produce secretions that compose semen
amin/o
amnion, amniotic sac
cervic/o
neck, cervix uteri
colp/o, vagin/o
vagina
galact/o, lact/o
milk
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o, uter/o
uterus, womb
mamm/o, mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o
uterus, measure
nat/o
birth
oophor/o, ovari/o
ovary
perine/o
perineum
salping/o
tube (especially fallopian or eustachian auditory tubes)
vulv/o, episi/o
vulva
andr/o
male
balan/o
glans penis
gonad/o
gonads, sex glands
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o
testis
muc/o
mucus
olig/o
scanty
prostat/o
prostate gland
spermat/o, sperm/i, sperm/o
spermatozoa, sperm cells
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel, vas deferens, duct
-arche
beginning
-gravida
pregnant women
-para
to bear offspring
-salpinx
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian auditory tube)
-tocia
childborth, labor
-version
turning
curet
instrument used to scrape endometrium; serrated to scrape uterine lining in D&C
uterine sound
instrument to examine uterine cavity
cervical dilator
instrument to enable insertion of a curet
CS
cesarean section
D&C
dilation and curettage
Dx
diagnosis
G
gravida/pregnant
GYN
gynecology
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
IVF
in vitro fertilization
LMP
last menstrual period
OB
obstetrics
OB-GYN
obstetrics and gynecology
OCP
oral contraceptive pill
Pap
Papanicolaou test (pap smear)
Para 1, 2, 3, etc
unipara, bipara, tripara, etc. (number of viable births)
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
TRAM
transverse rectus abdominis muscle
TSS
toxic shock syndrome
TVH
total vaginal hysterectomy
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy
DRE
digital rectal exam
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
TRUS
transrectal untrasonography
GC
gonorrhea
HPV
human papillomavirus
STI
sexually transmitted infection
VD
venereal disease
candidiasis
vaginal fungal infection caused by Candida albicans; causes curdy, cheese like discharge and extreme itching
dysmenorrhea
menstrual pain and tension
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of fertilized ovum outside uterine cavity
endometriosis
presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis or abdomen
fibroid
benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue; AKA leiomyoma
gestational hypertension
potentially life-threatening disorder that usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy; causes edema and proteinuria -Preeclampsia - nonconvulsive form of gestational hypertension that may progress to eclampsia if left untreated -Eclampsia - convulsive form that is a medical emergency and life-threatening to mother and/or baby
hyperplasia
excessive increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
leukorrhea
white discharge from vagina
oligomenorrhea
scanty or infrequent menstrual flow
sterility
inability of a woman to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a woman
toxic shock syndrom (TSS)
rare and sometimes fatal Staph infection that generally occurs in menstruating women, mostly who use tampons
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and adjacent pelvic structures, caused by bacterial an infection -Two most common causes are gonorrhea and chlamydia
anorchism
congenital absence of one or both testes; AKA anorchidism or anorchia
balanitis
inflammation of skin covering the glans penis