Lecture on Exercise Physiology and the Nervous System

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on exercise physiology and the nervous system, focusing on muscle contractions, energy systems, the structure and function of the nervous system, and the differences between various types of neurons and nervous system pathways.

What is the recommended number of repetitions for lifting weights on weight machines?

10 to 12 times.

What two factors must beginners determine when using weight machines?

The appropriate weight to use and how to adjust the seat.

What is the key difference between isotonic and isometric contractions?

Isotonic contractions involve movement while isometric contractions occur without movement.

What is ATP and why is it important in the context of exercise?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy source for muscle contractions; it's depleted quickly during high-intensity exercise.

What characterizes anaerobic exercise in terms of intensity?

It involves maintaining a high intensity, typically above 85%.

What happens chemically when muscles are fatigued?

There is an accumulation of lactic acid, leading to decreased pH and muscle efficiency.

What does the central nervous system consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

How does the central nervous system primarily function?

It processes information.

What is the role of the peripheral nervous system?

It conducts information to and from the central nervous system.

What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Which part of the brain is most associated with motor activity?

The frontal lobe.

What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

To protect the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood.

What are oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells responsible for?

Insulating axons to increase the speed of signal conduction.

What are the main types of neurons discussed in the lecture?

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

What are neural synapses?

Connections where an axon meets a dendrite allowing signal transmission.

What triggers an action potential in neurons?

A change in the electrical charge across the neuron's membrane.

What is the significance of the myelin sheath?

It insulates axons and increases the speed of electrical impulses.

What physiological changes occur in the body during sympathetic nervous system activation?

Increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and increased blood flow to muscles.

What is phagocytosis in relation to microglia?

The process by which microglia engulf and remove damaged or dead cells.

What should be avoided after eating, according to the anecdote in the lecture?

Swimming immediately after eating.

What is the difference between sensory and motor nerves?

Sensory nerves carry information to the central nervous system while motor nerves carry information away.

What are ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord?

Ascending tracts carry sensory information to the brain, whereas descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain.