English 2H-B Final Vocab

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abstruse

hard to understand

S: obscure, perplexing, incomprehensible

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amicable

characterized by or done in friendliness, without anger or bad feelings

S: friendly, good-natured, cooperative

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amiss

faulty, incorrect, inappropriate, or not as it should be

S: faulty, wrong, awry

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amity

friendliness and peaceful relations

S: harmony, companionship, goodwill

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amorous

showing or feeling romantic love or sexual attraction

S: ardent, passionate, lustful

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animosity

a feeling or spirit of hostility and resentment

S: hatred, hostility, loathing

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atone

to make reparation for a sin or a mistake

S: apologize, redeem, reconcile

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beguile

to win and hold somebody's attention, interest, or devotion; to mislead or deceive

somebody

S: enchant, captivate, mesmerize

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bereft

deprived of somebody or something loved or valued; lacking in something desirable or necessary

S: devoid, deprived, left without

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besiege

to surround a city, building etc. to try and take control of it; to gather around someone in an aggressive way

S: blockade, surround, mob

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blatant

obtrusive and conspicuous in an offensive way, often intentionally

S: outright, shameless, impudent

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boorish

rough and bad-mannered; coarse

S: crude, vulgar, uncivilized

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cadaverous

looking very thin or pale; resembling a corpse

S: ashen, corpse-like, sallow

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carrion

dead and putrefying flesh; flesh unfit for food

S: remains, corpse, body

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centrifugal

physics: acting, moving, or pulling away from a center or axis; politics: tending to disperse political or administrative power away from a central authority

S: diverging, spreading, diffusive

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chivalrous

1. courteous and considerate 2. relating to or reflecting the values of the medieval code of knighthood, especially courtesy, self-sacrifice, and a sense of fair play

S: courteous, respectful, gallant

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circuitous

lengthy because very indirect; roundabout

S: roundabout, tortuous, labyrinthine

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circumspect

taking into consideration all possible circumstances and consequences before acting

S: cautious, wary, guarded

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clemency

mercy; the tendency to show mercy or leniency

S: mercy, leniency, indulgence

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cognomen

a nickname or name that describes somebody, e.g. "Billy the Kid"; a surname or family name, especially the third name given to a citizen of ancient Rome, e.g. "Cicero" in "Marcus Tullius Cicero"

S: alias, moniker, nickname

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coincide

to happen at or around the same time or to fall together at the same time

S: conjunction, accord, accompaniment

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colloquial

appropriate to, used in, or characteristic of spoken language or of writing that is used to create the effect of conversation

S: informal, conversational, everyday

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components

a part of something, usually of something bigger

S: ingredient, part, element

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concentric

describes circles and spheres of different sizes with the same middle point

S: coordinated, aligned, parallel

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concise

using as few words as possible to give the necessary information, or compressed in order to be brief.

S: pithy, succinct, brief

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condolence

an expression of sorrow and sympathy, usually to somebody who is grieving over a death

S: sympathy, consolation, pity

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congestion

a state of overcrowding in a street or other area, making movement slow or difficult

S: obstruction, blockage, overcrowding

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contest

to challenge or question something

S: litigate, dispute, oppose

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cumbersome

awkward to carry or handle because of weight, size, or shape

S: clumsy, unwieldy, inconvenient

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curtail

to reduce the length or duration of something

S: reduce, trim, lessen

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decadences

a process of decline or decay in a society, especially in its morals; a state of uninhibited immoral self-indulgence

S: decay, corruption, decline

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decorum

propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance

S: respectability, demeanor, civility

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dilate

to become, or cause something to become, wider, larger, or stretched; to talk or write at great length

S: enlarge, widen, expand

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diverge

to move or extend in different directions from a common point; to become or be different; to turn aside from a path

S: deviate, separate, differ

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elegiac

having a mournful quality (especially in a work of art)

S: melancholic, sorrowful, doleful

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eloquence

the ability to speak forcefully, expressively, and persuasively

S: fluency, expressiveness, articulateness

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elucidate

to explain or clarify something

S: explain, clarify, spell out

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enigma

like a riddle; somebody or something that is not easily explained or understood

S: mystery, puzzle, paradox

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entrenched

firmly held and hard to change

S: lodged, well-established, rooted

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epochs

a significant period in history or in somebody's life

S: period of time, span, era

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erratic

not predictable, regular, or consistent, especially in being likely to depart from expected standards at any time

S: unpredictable, variable, turbulent

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esoteric

requiring or exhibiting knowledge that is restricted to a small group; difficult to understand

S: abstruse, obscure, abstract

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ethnocentric

a belief in or assumption of the superiority of the social or cultural group that a person belongs to

S: partiality, partisanship

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flaccid

soft, limp, or lacking firmness; lacking energy, enthusiasm, or competence

S: flabby, nerveless, sapped

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frank

open, honest, and sometimes forceful in expressing true feelings and opinions

S: candid, forthright, honest

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gauche

clumsy; lacking grace or tact in social situations

S: awkward, gawky, clumsy

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impediment

an impairment, especially one affecting speech; something that hinders progress

S: obstruction, hindrance, obstacle

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impudent

showing a lack of respect and excessive boldness

S: impertinent, cocky, brazen

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incorrigible

impossible or very difficult to correct or reform; impossible or very difficult to control or keep in order

S: hopeless, incurable, habitual

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indiscretion

lack of tact or good judgment; something said or done that is tactless or unwise

S: irresponsibility, incaution, imprudence

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inveterate

fixed in a habit or practice, especially a bad one; firmly established and of long standing

S: ingrained, habitual, deep-seated

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irrevocable

irreversible; impossible to revoke, undo, or change

S: unchangeable, final, irreversible

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jostle

to come in contact or into collision; to make one’s way by pushing and shoving

S: jolt, collide, bump into

.

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laconic

using very few words

S: brief, concise, terse

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larceny

the unlawful taking of personal property with intent to deprive the rightful owner of it permanently

S: burglary, theft, robbery

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luminous

emitting or reflecting light; clear and easy to understand

S: brilliant, radiant, dazzling

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masticate

transitive and intransitive verb to grind and pulverize food inside the mouth, using the teeth and jaws

S: munch, crunch, chew

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menagerie

A varied mixture

S: exhibition, collection, assortment

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militant

extremely active in the defense or support of a cause, often to the point of extremism

S: aggressive, fierce, combative

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modicum

a small portion or limited quantity

S: smidgen, fragment, iota

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mortician

funeral director

S: embalmer, undertaker, funeral manager

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mortuary

a room or building in which dead bodies are kept until they are buried or cremated

S: morgue, funeral home, funeral parlor

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nomenclature

a system of names assigned to objects or items in a particular science or art

S: classification, terminology, taxonomy

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nominal

acting or being something in name only, but not in reality; representing very little cost when compared with the actual value received

S: official, formal, titular

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noxious

harmful to life or health, especially by being poisonous

S: deadly, toxic, corrupting

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obdurate

stubbornly refusing to change one’s opinion or course of action; unmoved by pity or tender feelings

S: stubborn, obstinate, unyielding

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obloquy

strong public criticism or verbal abuse; disgrace brought about by public abuse.

S: vilification, condemnation, criticism

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orthodox

of, pertaining to, or conforming to beliefs, attitudes, or modes of conduct that are generally approved

S: conventional, accepted, traditional

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ostentatious

marked by a vulgar display of wealth and success designed to impress people

S: flamboyant, flashy, showy

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patronizing

to give money or support to someone or something; to talk to someone in a way that shows you believe you are more intelligent or better that other people

S: condescend, talk down to, look down on

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placid

peaceful; tending or appearing to be calm and not easily excited, upset, or disturbed

S: peaceful, tranquil, calm

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poignant

evoking a keen sense of sadness/regret or just general feelings.

S: heartbreaking, sentimental, emotional

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posthumous

Occurring, awarded, or appearing after the death of the originator

S: delayed, post-mortem, post-obituary

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prudent

having good sense in dealing with practical matters; using good judgment to consider likely consequences and act accordingly

S: wise, sensible, well advised

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pugilist

the practice, sport, or profession of boxing

S: fighter, boxer, contender

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pulchritude

physical beauty

S: allure, elegance, beauty

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qualm

a sudden feeling of uncertainty or apprehension, especially a misgiving about an action or conduct

S: anxiety, sudden uncertainty, second thoughts

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rendezvous

a meeting or appointment arranged for an agreed time and place

S: appointment, meeting, assignation

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reticent

not revealing one’s thoughts or feelings readily

S: reserved, withdrawn, uncommunicative

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ridiculing

to reduce or dismiss the importance or quality of somebody or something in a contemptuous way

S: mockery, scorn, contempt

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risible

completely unreasonable and not at all sensible or acceptable

S: ridiculous, laughable, absurd

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sanguine

cheerful and hopeful

S: optimistic, cheery, confident

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saturnine

Slow and gloomy in manner OR moody and mysterious in features

S: somber, morose, dour

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semblance

a small amount of something; an outward appearance or imitation of something

S: façade, appearance, guise

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