APHG Chapter 9

von thunen model

model that divides agricultural land into four zones based on distance from the market

pastoral nomadism

a form of substinence farming, based on herding animals (nomad)

transhumance

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

swidden

a patch of land cleared from planting through slashing and burning

plantation

a large farm which produces one or 2 crops for sale

double-cropping

harvesting twice a year from the same field

wet rice

rice planted in dry land which is then flooded for growth, no machiens (terrace farming)

agribusiness

a system of commercial farming in developed countries; large food production industry

mediterranean climate

growing specialized crops in climate resembling meditteranean (sea wind, mild winters, hot summers, hilly land)

truck farming

commercial gardening and fruit farming

mixed crop and livestock farming

commercial farming that integrates crops and livestock's, crops are fed to animals

milkshed

the area surrounding a city from where milk is supplied (has grown exponentially)

ranching

commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

agriculture

cultivation of plants and raising animals for survival or money

agricultural revolution

when humans first practiced agriculture, removing reliance on hunting and gathering

substinence farming

production of food for farmiers kin; small scale, local, developing countries

commercial farming

farming for money; large-scale, expensive, developed countries

protein

is consumed through meat in developed countries, through grains in developing countries

food security

access to nutritious food in order to survive

undernourishment

calorie consumption is below the minimum requirement for a healthy life

cereal grain

a gradd that yields grain for food

desertification

degradation of land because of human actions

GMO

a living organism that has been modified genetically through biotechnology

cash cropping

agricultural practice of growing crops for sale

deforestation

the large-scale removal of trees in an area

grain farming

the farming and harvesting of cereal crops

organic farming

farms that focus on growing crops and livestock without harmful products

subsidy

financial compensation from government to farmers

terrace farming

practice that involves creating stepped levels on sloped terrain

gardening

production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

shifting cultivation

substinence agriculture with slash and burn techniques and regular rotaiton

intensive subsistnece

involves the regular application of intense physical labor

crop rotation

rotating use of different fields from crop to crop to avoid exhausting soil

grain farming

growing of grain products for sale on the market

Mediterranean agriculture

growing specialized crops in climate resembling Mediterranean

green revolution

advances made in mid-20th central that expanded agricultural productivity

sustainable farming

practices that preserve and enhance environmental quality

what country is the largest food importer?

japan

what country is the largest food exporter?

USA

what country is the most popular for organic farming?

australia

what is the first ring of the von thunen model

the milkshed

what is the second ring of the von thunen model

wood

where is the von thunen model shown

northeast USA

what is the von thunen model focused on

how easy it is to get to a market

1st agricultural revolution

domesticating animals, where to put food

where did the agricultural revolution take place

Asia

2nd stage of the agricultural revolution

more food, beginning of technology

3rd stage of the agricultural revolution

green revolution, evolved technology

what does pastoral nomadism largely produce

grain, milk, and meat

what does plantation farming largely produce

cotton, sugar, coffee, rubber, fruit

what does mixed crop and livestock farms largely produce

corn

what does mediterranean agriculture largely produce

olives and grapes

what does ranching largely produce

beef