History Vocab

WWI part 2

Total War

A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. UNRESTRICTED

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Zimmerman Note

Jan 19 1917- the German foreign minster, Arthur Zimmermann, featuring U.S. entrance, sent a coded letter of inquiry to Mexico

Fourteen Points

wilson's plan for world peace following world war I. (largely ignored)

Armistice

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce. (germany)

Big Four

The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.

Treaty of Versailles

Signed in 1919 at the palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of WWI, codified peace terms between Germany and the victorious allies.

League of Nations

an international diplomatic group developed after WWI as a way to solve dispute between countries before they erupted into open warfare.

Rationing

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

Two power standard

British policy that Britain's navy should be as powerful as two other nations' navies combined

ANZAC

a special corps made up of Australian and New Zealand troops; fought at Gallipoli and suffered heavy losses

Reparations

payment for damages after a wa

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 191

Brest-Litovsk

treaty making peace between Germany and Russia

General Erich von Falkenhayn

Moltke's successor, he sought success by an attack on the French stronghold of Verdun.

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

David Lloyd George

Britain's prime minister at the end of World War I whose goal was to make the Germans pay for the other countries' staggering war losses

Vittorio Orlando

He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.

George Clemenceau

French prime minister in last years of WWI and during Versailles Conference of 1919. Pushed for heavy reparations from Germans. Wanted to make Germans suffer and help break Germany up.

General Henri Petain

French hero of the Battle of Verdun; in WWII he was the head of the Vichy government in France (pro-Nazi)

Captain William Turner

was commander of the Lusitania when the ship was torpedoed. Nicknamed "Bowler Bill," he was one the Cunard Line's most respected captains and first received command of Lusitania in 1907 before he was promoted to Mauritania and Aquatania

Rasputin

advice of an uneducated peasants and self possessed "holy man" He convinced the Romanovs that he had mystical powers (hypnotists) by healing their hemophiliac son. \n Rasputin was murdered by nobles.

Alexandra (Alix)

consort of the Russian emperor, was told "If I die, or you desert me, in six months you will lose your son and your throne" by Rasputin

Arthur Zimmerman

Germany's Foreign Secretary who proposed an alliance with Mexico against the United States

General Paul von Hindenburg

lead Germans to defeat Russians in battles of Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes

Sir Winston Churchill

\-Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII \n -inspired the British air force to push back the Germans in the Battle of Britain (World War II)

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924).

Leon Trotsky

Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army