Lecture Notes on the Muscular and Nervous System

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the muscular system, nervous system, and various neurological conditions and functions.

Epicranius

Muscle that moves the scalp.

Zygomaticus

Muscle responsible for causing smiling.

Orbicularis Oris

Muscle that moves the lips.

Masseter

Muscle that allows us to chew food.

Pterygoids

Muscles responsible for side to side grinding of the teeth.

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscle that causes head flexion and rotation.

Erector spinae

Muscles that straighten the spine.

Diaphragm

Main muscle used for breathing.

Rectus abdominis

Muscle that flexes at the waist.

Trapezius

Muscle that moves the scapula.

Rhomboids

Muscles that pull back the scapulae.

Supraspinatus

One of the rotator cuff muscles.

Pectoralis major

Muscle that causes arm flexion.

Latissimus dorsi

Muscle that causes arm extension.

Biceps

Muscle that flexes the elbow.

Triceps

Muscle that straightens the elbow.

Iliacus

Muscle that flexes the thigh.

Quadriceps femoris

Group of 4 muscles in the front of the thigh.

Gluteus maximus

Large muscle that extends the thigh.

Hamstrings

Group of 3 muscles at the back of the thigh.

Tibialis anterior

Muscle that causes dorsiflexion.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells that protect and nourish neurons.

Afferent sensory nerves

Nerves that carry information to the brain.

Efferent nerves

Nerves that carry impulses from the brain to body parts.

Astrocytes

Cells that create the blood-brain barrier.

White matter

Collections of myelinated fibers in the central nervous system.

Gray matter

Nerve-cell bodies in the central nervous system.

Voltage gated channels

Channels that open in response to a nearby flow of charges.

Saltatory Conduction

Rapid impulse travel in an axon under the myelin sheath.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical released by neurons that stimulates or inhibits other cells.

Reflexes

Rapid, automatic responses that do not usually involve the brain.

Neurotoxin

Compound that poisons or destroys nervous tissue.

Synapse

Space between a neuron and another cell.

Magnitudes estimation

Ability to detect how much of a stimulus there is.

Huntington's disease

Inherited degeneration of the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex.

Sleep paralysis

Temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking.

Anterograde amnesia

Inability to form new memories after damage to the hippocampus.

Phantom limb pain

Pain felt in an amputated limb.