Studied by 8 People
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Habitatuation
an organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it
terriotality
defense of a space against encroachment by individuals
Acid rain
Precipitation that is the result of air pollution reacting with water molecules in the atmosphere loading to the destruction of forest and lake ecosystems.
Animalia
organisms in this kingdom are multicellular heterotrophs without cell walls.
Archaea Bacteria
kingdom that included bacteria that live in extreme environments.
autotrophs
an organism that can make its own food; producers, (example: plants by photosynthesis)
Binomial Nomenclature
Naming system for all organisms. This was developed by Carl Linnaeus.
Bioaccumulation/biomagnification
increase in concentration of pollutants in the tissues of organisms as you move up trophic levels in an ecosystem.
camouflage
an adaptation that enables a species to blend in with its environment
carbon cycle
carbon dioxide gets into living tissue by photosynthesis and it returns to the enviorment through cellular respiration + Burning of fossil fuels.
carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
cell
smallest unit of life
class
a group of closely related orders
classical conditioning
a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.
Classification
The process of grouping organisms based on their physical similarities and DNA.
climate change
A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere because of pollution.
Competition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
Consumer
an organism that gets their energy by feeding on other organisms; heterotrophs.
courtship
behavior used to attract males.
decomposer
an organism that gets its energy by feeding on dead organic matter.
deforestation
Destruction of forests
dichotomous key
series of paired questions used to identify an organism
domain
the largest and least specific taxon, there are three eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea.
eubacteria
kingdom that includes bacteria that live everywhere (except in extreme environments)
eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eutrophication
excessive nutrients in a lake or ther body of water, due to runoff from the land, which causes excessive growth of algae, and the death of animals from a lack of oxygen.
exponential growth
J shaped, explosive pattern of population growth.
external fertilization
process in which eggs are fertilized outside the female's body, Example: fish
family
a group of closely related genera
fossil fuels
coal,oil, and natural gas coming from old remains of plants & animals: burning this is a big contribution to climate change.
fungi
kingdom that included organism when are heterotrophs that have cell walls made of chitin: ex, mold,yeast, and mushrooms
genus
A group of closely related species
greenhouse effect
normal warming effect produced when the sun rays are trapped by gases in the earth's atmosphere: without this the earth would be ice everywhere
habitat destruction
the loss of a natural habitat; the major cause of extinction
heterotroph
an organism that must get food from its environment; aka consumer: ex. animals
hibernation
a dormant state of lowered metabolism that is an adaptation for surviving winter.
imprinting
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
internal fertilization
Process in which eggs are fertilized inside the female's body: ex. humans
invasive species
plants and animals that are deliberately/ accidentally introduced into an areas. their population explode and have no known natural predators and out-compete native species for resources leading to the decline of resources.
Kingdom
2nd largest taxonomic , consisting of closely related phyla.
Limiting Factor
An environmental condition that restricts the size of a population
Multicellular
made of 2 or more cells
nitrogen cycle
The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere
nitrogen fixation
process of converting nitrogen into air, into a form that plants and animals can use. (Nitrates and Nitrites).
non-native species
A species that is not naturally found in an ecosystem and does not affect the survival of other species there.
order
a group of closely related families
Parasitism
a symbiotic relationship where one organism is harmed but the other is benefiting from it.
pheremone
A chemical released by animals that influences the behavior of other animals of the same species
phylum
group of closely related classes
placenta
an organ in the uterus of a pregnant mammal that nourished the fetus through the umbilical cord
plantae
kingdom with organisms that are photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls made of cellulose
predator
An animal that hunts other animals for food
prey
an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food
producer
an organism that makes its own food: autotrophs
prokaryote
bacterial cells that don't have a nucleus or membrane bound organisms
seed
a plant structure that contains an embryo and food source surrounded by a protective coat.
species
smallest taxon, a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offsprings.
spore
A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating made by bacteria fungi and some plants like fern.
stewardship
commitment to the responsible management of natural resources and sustainable action to help preserve the enviorment.
suckling
when a young mammal nurses from its mother
symbiosis
a close relationship between two species living together.
taxis
Movement toward or away from a stimulus.
trial and error learning
behavior in which an animal learns to perform behavior over and over again until success is achieved.
tropism
growth response of a plant to a stimulus
Unicellular
Made of a single cell
waste lagoon
these become problematic when they flood into rivers/drinking water supplies
Mutualism
symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit; ex. good bacteria in the human gut
Organism
A living thing
Aerobic Respieration
A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate ATP
Diffusion
the simplest form of passive transport
DNA
the genetic code of life
Dynamic Equilibrium
particles are evenly distributed and continue to move across the cell membrane/space
electron microscope
uses a beam of electrons to magnify an object; much more powerful than a compound light microscope
Eyespot
an organelle that the protist euglena uses to detect light
Flagella
long, whip-like tails used for movement
active transport
the movement of particles from low to high concentration (against the concentration gradient); requires ATP/energy
Adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
alcoholic fermentation
anaerobic respiration that makes 2 ATP from each glucose molecule, carbon dioxide, and alcohol; carried out by yeast and bacteria
Anaerobic Respiration
A form of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen and generates less ATP
ATP
energy-storing molecule of cells; energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates
Cell wall
additional layer found outside of the cell membrane in plants, fungi, bacteria, and some protists; offers additional support and protection
Cell/plasma membrane
thin, flexible structure that provides protection and support to a cell and separates it from the outside environment
Cellular Respiration
burning glucose to make ATP; 36-38 ATP are formed from each glucose molecule; carried out by all organisms; occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
Cilia
short, hair-like projections found in eukaryotes that are used for movement (protists) and that line the respiratory tracts of animals