Kin 1A03 Modules 1-4

proximal

to trunk (leg), to head (arm), used to describe linear structures

distal

away from trunk (leg), away from head (arm), used to describe linear structures

superior

above, toward the head

inferior

below, away from the head

cranial

to head, skull

caudal

away from the head

medial

to midline

lateral

away from midline

posterior

behind

anterior

in front

dorsal

back

ventral

in front

frontal

forehead

sagittal plane

vertically through body, separates right and left

Transverse

superior/ inferior, cross-section

anatomy

scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure

physiology

scientific investigation of the processes/ functions of living things

chemical level

interaction of atoms

cell level

structural and functional unit of living organisms

tissue level

group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

organ level

two or more tissues functioning together

system level

group of organs functioning together

organism level

any living thing

anatomical position

body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

supine

lying face upward

prone

lying face downward

cephalic

superior, head

superficial

direction to surface of body

deep

direction to inside the body

facial

face

cervical

neck

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm

antecubital

front of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

palmar, volar

palm

digital, phalangeal

fingers, toes

femoral

thigh

patellar

anterior surface of knee

crural

leg

tarsal

ankle

pedal

foot

temporal

temple

orbital, ocular

eye

otic

ear

buccal

cheek

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

mental

chin

sternal

breastbone

mammary

breast

umbilical

navel

coxal

hip

inguinal

groin

pollex

thumb

manual

hand

pubic

pubis

dorsum

top of foot, back of hand

hallux

great toe

occipital

base of skull

scapular

shoulder blade

vertebral

spinal column

olecranal, cubital

back of elbow

sacral

between hips

abdominal

abdomen

pelvic

pelvis

thoracic

chest

lumbar

loin

gluteal

buttock

perineal

region of anus and external genitals

popliteal

hollow behind knee

sural

calf

plantar

sole

calcaneal

heel

frontal or coronal plane

divides body into anterior and posterior sections

transverse or cross plane

divides body into superior and inferior sections

oblique plane

other than at a right angle

sagittal

right/ left

midsagittal section

frontal section

transverse section

longitudinal

cut along the length of an organ

cross/ transverse

cut at right angle to length of the organ

oblique

cut at any but a right angle

diaphragm

divides body cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

abdominal cavity

contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys

pelvic cavity

contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, reproductive organs

pericardium

refers to heart

pleura

refers to lungs and thoracic cavity

peritoneum

refers to abdominopelvic cavity

parietal pleura

outer wall of pleura

visceral pleura

inner wall of pleura

mediastunum

contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs

homeostasis

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

body temperature increases

sweating, blood volume decreases, drop in blood pressure, increases heart rate, increases blood pressure

set point for body temperature

37.0

Feedback system

receptor, control center, effector

Receptor

monitors the value of some variable

Control center

establishes the set point