Chapter 17 microbiology openstax

A generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens

Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system?

Epidermis

Which of the following constantly sheds dead cells along with any microbes that may be attached to those cells?

The blood-brain barrier

Which of the following uses a particularly dense suite of tight junctions to prevent microbes from entering the underlying tissue?

Cytokines

Which of the following serve as chemical signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific defenses?

Antimicrobial peptides

Bacteriocins and defensins are types of which of the following?

Sebum

Which of the following chemical mediators is secreted onto the surface of the skin?

Lectin

Identify the complement activation pathway that is triggered by the binding of an acute-phase protein to a pathogen. 

Chemical mediators that promote inflammation

Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin are examples of which of the following?

Leukocytes 

White blood cells are also referred to as which of the following?

Bone marrow

Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following?

Leukocyte

Granulocytes are which type of cell?

Pathogen

PAMPs would be found on the surface of which of the following?

PRRs

________ on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of the bacterial pathogens?

A pathogen is first coated with a molecule such as a complement protein, which allows it to be recognized by phagocytes.

Which of the following best characterizes the mode of pathogen recognition for opsonin-dependent phagocytosis?

Edema

Which refers to swelling as a result of inflammation?

Acute

Which type of inflammation occurs at the site of an injury or infection?

recognizes abnormal cells, binds to them, and releases perforin and granzyme molecules, which induce apoptosis

Natural killer cell

stains with basic dye methylene blue, has large amounts of histamine in granules, and facilitates allergic responses and inflammation

Basophil

large agranular phagocyte that resides in tissues such as the brain and lungs

Macrophage

stains with acidic dye eosin, has histamine and major basic protein in granules, and facilitates responses to protozoa and helminths

Eosinophil

virus-infected cell

Natural killer cell

bacteria in a skin lesion

Neutrophil

tapeworm in the intestines

Eosinophil