Unit 5 Flashcards- Industrialization and Imperialism

Goal- Study daily for 15 minutes!!!!

assembly line

Definition: A production process where a product moves along a line and workers add parts in sequence.

Connection: Makes mass production possible by speeding up the manufacturing process.

collective bargaining

Definition: Negotiations between an employer and a group of employees (usually a union) over pay and conditions.

Connection: A key tool used by the Industrial working class to gain better rights.

economic exploitation

Definition: Using another group’s resources or labor for one’s own profit without fair compensation.

Connection: Often the primary goal of Resource extraction in colonized territories.

Urban migration

Definition: The mass movement of people from rural areas to cities.

Connection: Caused by the growth of the Factory system, which concentrated jobs in urban centers

interchangeable parts

Definition: Standardized components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing.

Connection: Works with the Assembly line to allow for faster repairs and production.

mass production

Definition: The manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products.

Connection: Relies heavily on Mechanization to keep output high and costs low.

productivity

Definition: The amount of goods or services produced per worker in a certain amount of time.

Connection: Boosted by the Division of labor, which makes work more efficient.

resistance movement

Definition: An organized effort by a local population to fight back against a colonizing or occupying power.

Connection: Often the reaction to Economic exploitation or loss of sovereignty.

social darwinism

Definition: The belief that "survival of the fittest" applies to human societies; used to justify imperialism.

Connection: Used as a moral justification for Economic exploitation of "weaker" nations.

unequal exchange

Definition: A trade relationship where one party (usually a colony) provides cheap raw materials and buys expensive finished goods.

Connection: A core component of Economic exploitation during the era of New Imperialism

Berlin Conference

Definition: A meeting (1884–1885) where European nations set rules for colonizing Africa.

Connection: This meeting formalized the Scramble for Africa.

Boom and bust cycle

Definition: Periods of rapid economic growth followed by sharp declines or depressions.

Connection: A common feature of Industrial capitalism, where market competition leads to fluctuations.

direct rule

Definition: A colonial system where the central government of the mother country controls the colony directly.

Connection: Contrasts with Indirect rule, where local leaders are used to maintain control.

Division of labor

Definition: Breaking down a large task into smaller, specialized jobs for different workers.

Connection: Essential for the efficiency of the Factory system.

Factory System

Definition: A manufacturing method that brings machines and workers together in one building.

Connection: Replaced the "cottage industry" and led to the rise of Urban migration.

Indirect rule

Definition: A colonial policy where local traditional rulers are allowed to keep their positions but follow the orders of the colonizer.

Connection: Often used as a form of Paternalism, where the colonizer acts as a "parental" authority.

Industrial capitalism

Definition: An economic system based on private ownership and the use of machines to produce goods for profit.

Connection: Driven by the principle of Laissez-faire economics, which limits government interference.

Industrial middle class

Definition: A social class of factory owners, shippers, and merchants who gained wealth during the Industrial Revolution.

Connection: They often benefited most from Industrial capitalism while the working class struggled.

Industrial working class

Quick Definition: The people who worked in factories and mines, often facing poor conditions and low wages.

Connection: Their struggles led to the rise of Labor reform and unions.

Mechanization

Definition: The process of changing from working by hand to working with machinery.

Connection: Dramatically increased Productivity during the Industrial Revolution.

Paternalism

Definition: A policy of treating subject people as if they were children—providing for needs but not giving rights.

Connection: Used by colonial powers to justify Direct rule or indirect rule.

Sphere of Influence

Definition: An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Connection: A method of control that allowed for Resource extraction without full colonization.

Standard of living

Definition: The level of wealth, comfort, and material goods available to a person or group.

Connection: While it eventually rose for many, it often dropped for the Industrial working class early on.

Wage labor

Definition: A system where workers sell their labor to an employer for a set salary or hourly pay.

Connection: Became the primary way of life for the Industrial working class

Scramble for Africa

Definition: The rapid invasion and colonization of Africa by European powers in the late 19th century.

Connection: Was formally organized and "legalized" by the Berlin Conference.

Resource extraction

Definition: The process of taking natural raw materials (like minerals or timber) from the earth.

Connection: Fueled the Industrial Revolution by providing the materials needed for factories.

Reform movements

Definition: Organized efforts to change and improve specific aspects of society.

Connection: Includes Labor reform, as well as movements for women's rights and education.

Protectorate

Definition: A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power.

Connection: One of the various forms of control established during the Scramble for Africa.

Labor reform

Definition: Laws and movements aimed at improving working conditions, such as shorter hours and safety rules.

Connection: Often a direct result of Reform movements pushing for social justice.

Laissez-faire economics

Definition: The idea that government should not interfere in the economy.

Connection: Promoted by Adam Smith to allow Industrial capitalism to flourish without regulation.