History Quiz 1 Gilded Age, WWI & Versailles Treaty, Russian Revolution, Political Compass, Migration Studies and Labor Markets

Gilded Age 1.0

Appears perfect from the outside but it is actually corrupt and bad underneath

Field by new steel industry

Time period 1870-1900

Time of new developments but also exploitation - child labor and worker issues - money used to persuade government

Forgotten presidents - no good policies to distinguish themselves - based off popularity

Three circles of ven diagram

1. Urbanization

2. Immigration

3. Industrialization

Gilded Age 2.0

Appearance of a second Gilded Age today

Field by silicon microchip - phones/computers/tech

New Tech, Business influence over politics, extravagant consumerism, growing inequalities, xenophobia and class conflict, political partisanship

Corporations in a Gilded Age

Owned by stockholders jointly - overseen by a board

Money raised by selling shares of stock

Benefits - easier to raise capital, limited liability, considered an individual by law (free speech)

Economy of Sale

With great capital comes the ability to mass produce

Unit cost lower, efficiency, constant upgrade

Prevailing views of Gilded Age

Hard work

Rags → Riches

Gospel of wealth

Herbert Spencer + Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest

Meritocracy - is there really equal opportunity?

Natural selection in people

Paris peace conference

World leaders gathered in Paris to turn the armistice into a formal settlement to end the war

27 nations

• Germany not invited

Treaty of Versailles

settlement of the war

• limit Germany

• Altered map of Europe

• Blamed war on Germany

• Disbanded the Habsburg Empire

• Created new independent nations

Cause of world war 1

Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand

MAIN

M- Militarism

• Competition for strength of military power

A- Alliances

• 2 groups committed to maintain sovereignty and balance power

• Triple Alliance

  • Germany, A-H, Italy

• Triple Entente

  • France, Britain, Russia

I - Imperialism

• Colonies exchange

• Brough nations into partnership + conflict

N- Nationalism

• Competition

• Think each nation was the best

Who declared war on who?

USA → Germany

Germany ← → France

Germany → Russia

Bulgaria → Germany

GB → Germany

A-H → Russia

A-H → Serbia

Italy → A-H

History v Memory

History

• Stuff that happened in the past

• Interpreted through evidence and information

• Primary sources

Memory

• Past but how we think about it

• Many different perspectives

• Stories and passing down stuff

• Personal, subjective + emotional

• Owned by a group

• Often reinforce a “good guy” mentality of being on the right side of history

Russian Revolution

Two majors seizures of power

1. Unrest and national chaos causes tsar Nicholas to abdicated

   • New gov formed - Provisional + Petrograd Soviet

   • Liberal + socialist

2. Lenin leads Bolshevik Revolution and overthrow Provisional gov

   • Win and form Soviet Union

USA WWI

Savior complex of making the world safe for democracy

Moral superiority

Wilson big goals - 14 points

• self determination in Europe

• world peace

Germany + A-H WWI

Recently united with Prussia

Thought they were better

Military + tech dominance

Ethnic superiority

Said they were stabbed in the back when they lost the war - in France when armistice happened

• Judaeo Bolshevik - lefts - sabotaged them

Massacre of innocents

• Iron Salute - singing national anthem to death

France WWI

Bad leaders

“Died for France”

• Sent many to die

• Military incompetence

Morts Pour la France

• Bones

Sacrifice

UK WWI

Big empire to protect others from Germany

Cooperation + unity

Remember the innocent - Belgium + Netherlands

For king and the homeland

Poetry “In Flanders Field”

Russia WWI

Different govs

1. Imperial Russia - monarchy

   • Czar

   • Overthrown + abdicated

2. Democratic

   • Karinski

3. Soviet Union - Bolshevik’s

   • Lenin

   • Communists

Animosity towards Germany

• Ethnic superiority

• More cultured and sophisticated

Get out of the war - country in chaos

Appeal to communism

Beyond war

work together

elite don’t have all the power

Italy WWI

Not treated equally

Not accepted as global elite

Denied territories east

Orlando left the conference early

Ottoman Turks + Middle East

History of western imperial subjugation

islamic culture hegemony

Ethnic genocide of christians - Armenia

No self determination

Balkans

Ethnic competition

• With A-H + Serbia

Subjects of dominante empires

Aspirations of independence

Oppression from outside

Denied seat at the conference

1882 Chinese exclusion act

prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Immigration act of 1924 (Reed-johnson act)

Reduced quota to 2%, further restricting immigrant from Southern and Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia

Immigration and nationality act 1951 (Hart-cellar act)

Abolished quota system and discrimination of non-europeans migrants establishes per country limits, preference of visa categories to immediate family and skilled workers

Nativist organizations in the US

1843 - Know Nothing

• anti-Catholic

1894 - Immigration restriction league

• Wanted literacy test for all immigrants

White supremacy groups

• KKK

FAIR - Federation for American Immigration Reform

CIS - Center for Immigration Studies

Nativist respones

Econ

• Take jobs and lower wages

Societal

• Bring poverty, disease, and crime and violence

Pol and Rel

• Bring and spread radical ideas

Hegemonic identity

• They won’t assimilate

• Too diff to fit in

4 types of diaspora

Victim

• Irish

• Armenian

• Jewish

• African

Labor

• Italian

• Indian

Imperial

• Portuguese

• Dutch

• French

• German

• British

Trade

• Chinese

• Lebanese

Primary labor market

reliable pay

union rep or gov reg

paid vacation, sick, and family leave

healthcare

safety reg

White men

Blue collar

Stable

Secondary labor market

Few or no reg to protect

unreliable pay

unreliable work

unreliable hours

POC

Women

Immigrants

No ed

Poor

Variable