Oxygenation and Health Promotion in Nursing

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and definitions from the lecture notes on oxygenation, health promotion, nursing assessments, pain management, and wound care.

Oxygenation

The process of providing oxygen to cells and tissues.

Pulmonary System

The system consisting of the airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles facilitating gas exchange.

Upper Airway

Part of the respiratory system that moistens, warms, and filters air.

Lower Airway

Considered sterile, consisting of the trachea and lungs.

Ventilation

The mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

Respiration

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood.

Gas Exchange

The primary function of the respiratory system involving oxygen entering and carbon dioxide exiting the bloodstream.

Ventilation Rate

Measured as respirations per minute; indicates how fast breathing occurs.

Lung Compliance

The ease of lung inflation.

Lung Elasticity

The ability of the lungs to expand and contract.

Airway Resistance

The diameter of the trachea affects the ease of airflow.

Hyperventilation

State in which lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

Hypoventilation

Alveolar ventilation insufficient to meet oxygen demands or eliminate CO2, resulting in respiratory acidosis.

Hypoxia

Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level.

Cyanosis

A late sign of hypoxia characterized by bluish discoloration of skin.

Factors Affecting Ventilation

Includes monitoring of rate, depth, lung compliance, elasticity, and resistance.

Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia

Pneumonia occurring after hospital admission; can be reduced by hand hygiene, oral care, and early mobility.

Incentive Spirometry

Technique to promote lung expansion; involves inhaling slowly and deeply.

Mucous Clearance Techniques

Includes deep breathing, coughing, hydration, and chest physiotherapy.

Artificial Airways

Devices such as oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and endotracheal tubes to maintain airway patency.

Tracheostomy Tubes

Surgically placed tubes used for long-term airway management.

Nasotracheal Suctioning

Procedure to remove secretions and maintain airway patency.

Capnography

Measures the CO2 levels in exhaled air to assess ventilation.

Pulse Oximetry

Noninvasive monitoring to measure arterial blood oxygen saturation.

Hydration

Keeps secretions mobile and thin, vital for respiratory function.

Chest Physiotherapy

Involves techniques such as percussion, vibration, and postural drainage to clear airways.

Oxygen Therapy

Supplemental oxygen delivery to improve tissue oxygenation.

Nasal Cannula

Common device for delivering supplemental oxygen.

Simple Face Mask

Covers nose and mouth; delivers higher concentrations of oxygen.

Partial Rebreather Mask

Includes reservoir bag; used for higher oxygen concentration needs.

Non-Rebreather Mask

Provides the highest concentration of oxygen via mask for emergencies.

Oxygen Safety

Precautions to prevent fire hazards associated with the use of oxygen.

Oxygen Tank Identification

Medical oxygen tanks are color-coded green.

Health Status

A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

Health Promotion

Activities aimed at improving individual well-being.

Health Protection

Activities to avoid illness and promote preventive care.

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Framework that emphasizes improving health through lifestyle modifications.

Lifestyle and Risk Appraisal

Assessment of personal health behaviors and risks.

Health Education

Informing individuals to encourage informed health decisions.

Psychological Factors

Stress, attitudes, and beliefs affecting learning and health behaviors.

Teaching Strategies

Methods used to present health information, such as lectures and demonstrations.

Patient Education Importance

Enhances patient compliance and reduces complications.

Pain Assessment

Systematic evaluation of a patient’s pain experience.

Cognitive Learning Domain

Involves knowledge acquisition, comprehension, and application.

Psychomotor Learning Domain

Hands-on skills requiring practice and demonstration.

Affective Learning Domain

Involves changes in attitudes and feelings.

Pain Types

Classified as acute, chronic, nociceptive, and neuropathic.

Pain Assessment Tools

Instruments such as numeric rating scale, Wong-Baker FACES, and FLACC scale.

Nonverbal Pain Cues

Facial expressions and body movements indicating pain in nonverbal patients.

Wound Healing Phases

Stages including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.

Wound Drainage Types

Categories such as serous, sanguineous, and purulent used to assess wound healing.

Nutrition for Skin Health

Emphasis on protein, vitamins, and hydration.

Montgomery Straps

Straps used to secure dressings while minimizing skin irritation.

Hydration's Role in Healing

Adequate fluid intake is crucial for skin integrity and wound healing.

Pain Management Approaches

Combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods.

Heat Therapy

Application of heat to alleviate pain and promote circulation.

Cold Therapy

Application of cold to reduce inflammation and pain.

Contraindications for Heat Therapy

Situations preventing heat use due to potential harm.

Contraindications for Cold Therapy

Scenarios where cold use is inadvisable to avoid tissue damage.

Braden Scale

Tool to assess pressure ulcer risk; lower scores indicate higher risk.

Pressure Ulcer Stages

Classification based on severity, from non-blanchable erythema to full-thickness tissue loss.

Wound Closures

Various methods including sutures, staples, and adhesives for optimal healing.

Chemical Pain Relief Measures

Techniques such as nerve blocks, epidural injections, and local anesthesia.

Complications of Wound Healing

Issues such as hemorrhage, infection, and dehiscence.

Patient Education for Wound Care

Teaching patients and families about skin care and prevention of pressure injuries.

Types of Wounds

Classifications including intentional, unintentional, chronic, and acute wounds.

Color Guide for Wound Assessment

Used to determine tissue viability and guide treatment.

Tunneling and Undermining

Wound characteristics indicating extensive tissue damage.

Wound Management Essentials

Documentation of wound assessment and response to interventions.

Pain Management Interventions

Involves assessment, goal setting, and implementation of care plans.

Ethics in Pain Management

Balancing pain relief with consideration of side effects and patient autonomy.

Pain Communication Challenges

Barriers experienced by patients in conveying pain due to sensory deficits.

Holistic Patient Care

Comprehensive assessment and individualized approaches to sensory and pain issues.

Chemical Pain Management

Utilization of medications based on the type and severity of pain.

Nursing Process for Pain

Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of pain management.

Understanding Patient's Pain Experience

Involves recognizing cognitive, emotional, cultural, and biological factors.

Therapeutic Touch and Massage

Methods to alleviate pain and promote relaxation.

Acupuncture

Alternative therapy involving insertion of needles for pain relief.

Herbal Medicine

Use of plant extracts for therapeutic purposes.

Chiropractic Care

Focus on spine alignment to improve health and reduce pain.

Tissue Oxygenation

Importance of adequate oxygen delivery for healing processes.

Oxygen Saturation Levels

Normal levels range from 95-100%; lower values indicate hypoxemia.

Patient Comfort During Wound Care

Importance of pain management and psychological support during treatments.

Barrier Assessment for Skin Integrity

Factors influencing skin health including moisture, friction, and shear.

Early Mobilization Techniques

Encouraging patient movement to prevent pulmonary complications.