BSC 114 Exam 3

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

somatic cells have __ chromosomes

1 / 165

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

166 Terms

1

somatic cells have __ chromosomes

46

New cards
2

chromatin is found in the

nucleus

New cards
3

reproductive cells have __ chromosomes

23

New cards
4

reproductive cells

germ cells

New cards
5

cells total hereditary endowment of DNA

genome

New cards
6

DNA is complexed with proteins called

histones

New cards
7

__ forms chromosomes

chromatin

New cards
8

length of cell cycle varies from

10-30 hours

New cards
9

G1

growth

New cards
10

S

replication

New cards
11

G2

preparation for division

New cards
12

function of mitosis

separate genetic info into 2 quantities

New cards
13

organize microtubules of spindle apparatus

centrosomes

New cards
14

region where chromatids are held together

centromere

New cards
15

protein structure on chromatids where spindle microtubules attach

kinetochore

New cards
16

kinetochore is located at the __ region

centromere

New cards
17

interphase has __ nucleus

1

New cards
18

interphase has __ chromosomes, each consisting of __ chromatid(s)

46, 1

New cards
19

prophase has __ nucleus

1

New cards
20

prophase has __ chromosomes, each consisting of __ chromatid(s)

46, 2

New cards
21

telophase has __ nucleus

2

New cards
22

t/f: cell cycle includes both interphase and mitosis

true

New cards
23

t/f: interphase is much longer and complicated than mitosis

true

New cards
24

__ phase of cell cycle is the key phase in controlling cell division

G1

New cards
25

determines whether cell divides

restriction point of G1

New cards
26

stimulates other cells to divide

growth factor

New cards
27

says that crowded cells usually stop dividing

density dependent inhibition

New cards
28

a single individual is the sole parent and passes on all of its genes directly to its offspring

asexual reproduction

New cards
29

group of genetically identical individuals

clone

New cards
30

t/f: no multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually

false, some can

New cards
31

the only possible differences between the parent and offspring will be via __

mutations

New cards
32

much greater genetic variation results from __ reproduction compared to __ reproduction

sexual, asexual

New cards
33

karyotype organizes chromosomes according to

number, size, type

New cards
34

chromosomes in karyotype are arrested in the __ stage of mitosis

metaphase

New cards
35

chromosomes that look quite similar but were inherited from different parents

homologous chromosomes

New cards
36

in __ organisms, chromosomes are matched in homologous pairs

diploid

New cards
37

specific location of a gene

locus

New cards
38

homologs differ in the version of some genes at their corresponding __

loci

New cards
39

X and Y

sex chromosomes

New cards
40

non sex chromosomes

autosomes

New cards
41

cell with a single set of chromosomes

haploid

New cards
42

cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

diploid

New cards
43

process that halves the diploid set to a single haploid set of chromosomes

meiosis

New cards
44

restores the diploid set from meiosis

fertilization

New cards
45

meiosis II results in __ daughter cells instead of 2 and each has only __ the number of chromosomes

4, half

New cards
46

arrangement of chromosomes on the __ plate determines which chromosomes will be packaged together

metaphase I

New cards
47

a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during metaphase I of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur.

chiasmata

New cards
48

crossing over occurs during __ of meiosis I

prophase

New cards
49

__ produces individual chromosomes that combine genes inherited from our 2 parents

crossing over

New cards
50

when homologous portions of 2 non sister chromatids trade places

recombination

New cards
51

humans have - crossovers per pair of chromosomes

2-3

New cards
52

yellow, purple, round

dominant

New cards
53

green, white, wrinkled

recessive

New cards
54

each gamete has __ allele(s)

1

New cards
55

members of a pair of genes separate from each other during gamete formation

law of segregation

New cards
56

each character an organism inherits __ allele(s)

2

New cards
57

alternate versions of genes

alleles

New cards
58

genetic composition

genotype

New cards
59

outward appearance

phenotype

New cards
60

cross involving genes at 1 locus

monohybrid cross

New cards
61

to determine genotype of a parent with a dominant phenotype, a __ can be done on unknown genotype

test cross

New cards
62

tester

homozygous recessive

New cards
63

mendel's second law

law of independent assortment

New cards
64

says that genes for a pair of traits are distributed independently of one another when gametes are formed

law of independent assortment

New cards
65

law of independent assortment only occurs when the genes are

on separate chromosomes

New cards
66

examines the inheritance of genes at __ loci

2

New cards
67

dominant allele codes for

functional protein

New cards
68

recessive allele codes for

nonfunctional protein

New cards
69

__ dominance says that YY and Yy have the same phenotype

complete

New cards
70

__ dominance says that both alleles are expressed. ex: AB blood

co

New cards
71

__ dominance says that the phenotype is intermediate between homozygous phenotypes

incomplete

New cards
72

an individual can only have __ alleles per locus

2

New cards
73

t/f: an individual can only have 2 alleles per locus, but there can be more than 2 in the population

true

New cards
74

blood groups are examples of (2)

multiple alleles and codominance

New cards
75

t/f: each sperm and egg can have multiple alleles

false; only 1

New cards
76

gene interaction

epistasis

New cards
77

a gene at one location may affect more than one trait

pleiotropy

New cards
78

multiple genes affect one trait

polygenic inheritance

New cards
79

phenotype is the results of interaction between

genotype and environment

New cards
80

males designated with __

squares

New cards
81

females designated with __

circles

New cards
82

trait being traced is designated with __

shaded area

New cards
83

a death is designated with __

slashed area

New cards
84

chromosomes occur in __ nuclei

2n

New cards
85

chromosomes separate at __

meiosis

New cards
86

t/f: chromosomes exhibit independent assortment

true

New cards
87

chromosomes unite at __

fertilization

New cards
88

a cell contains __ genes

thousands

New cards
89

t/f: all genes follow independent assortment

false, lots of genes on the same chromosome

New cards
90

genes that are close together on the same chromosome

linked

New cards
91

linked chromosomes do not exhibit independent assortment during __

meiosis

New cards
92

on different chromosomes, independent assortment

unlinked genes

New cards
93

first to associate a specific gene with a specific chromosome

Thomas Hunt Morgan

New cards
94

gene takes its symbol from the first __ discovered

mutant

New cards
95

normal phenotype is called

wild type

New cards
96

offspring like parents

parentals

New cards
97

offspring different from the parents

recombinants

New cards
98

independent assortment results

50 parental, 50 recombinant

New cards
99

linked and no crossing over results

100 parental

New cards
100

linked and crossing over results

depends on frequency of crossing over

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1639 people
... ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 30 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1096 people
... ago
5.0(3)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (214)
studied byStudied by 33 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (52)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (131)
studied byStudied by 62 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (64)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 24 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot