science for mic (basics + apparatus)

aristo science for the new century 1a : 1.1-1.5

the six branches of science

the six branches of science

physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, geology, medicine

scientific __and__ have greatly improved our quality of life. however, they can also cause harm if not used properly.

discoveries, inventions

renewable resources

resources that can be replenished continuously in nature and will not be used up

non-renewable resources

resources that cannot be replenished in a short time once they are used up. supply is limited

science is based on __

evidence

5 steps of scientific investigation

1. observe

2. (ask questions) form a hypothesis (plural: hypothesis)

3. do experiment

4. analyze the results

5. draw a conclusion

3 types of variables in a fair test

1. independent variable

2. dependent variable

3. controlled variables

independent variable

the only variable that is changed

dependent variable

the variable to be measured

controlled variables

variables to be kept the same

3 types of scientific investigations other than fair test

1. classifying

2. pattern seeking

3. model building

always know the __ in a laboratory.

fire escape route

read __ before doing an experiment.

safety precautions

wear _ when heating or mixing substances.

safety goggles

tie up __ and tuck in __ when doing experiments.

long hair, school ties

do not touch _.

hot apparatus

do not throw __ into the sink.

solid wastes

do not point _ containing boiling liquids towards yourself or other students.

test tubes

what is this hazard warning label? name the safety precaution(s) for it.

flammable

• keep away from heat and flame

what is this hazard warning label? name the safety precaution(s) for it.

corrosive

• wear safety goggles and protective gloves

• store in a well-ventilated room

what is this hazard warning label? name the safety precaution(s) for it.

toxic

• avoid breathing in the vapour of the chemical

• wear safety goggles and protective gloves

• wash your hands thoroughly after handling the chemical

what is this hazard warning label? name the safety precaution(s) for it.

harmful

• avoid breathing in the vapour of the chemical

• wear safety goggles and protective gloves

• wash your hands thoroughly after handling the chemical

what is this hazard warning label? name the safety precaution(s) for it.

irritant

• avoid breathing in the vapour of the chemical

• wear safety goggles and protective gloves

• wash your hands thoroughly after handling the chemical

what should we do with a cut? clean the wound with __ and apply a _ to it.

water, dressing

heat/chemical burns: place the affected area under __

slow running water

chemicals get into eye: wash the eye with distilled water from an __

eye wash bottle

glass breakage: clean up broken pieces of glass and dispose of them in a __. do not throw them in a general rubbish bin.

broken glass container

gas leakage: turn off the __ and open all windows and doors.

gas supply

fires: keep calm and __ at once. do not put out the fire by yourself.

report to your teacher

fire triangle (the 3 conditions for a fire to start)

1. fuel

2. oxygen

3. high temperature

left one (bigger)

boiling tube (+ stopper)

(sorry for shitty quality photos)

right one (smaller)

test tube

beaker

conical flask

reagent bottle

(no diagram)

dropping bottle

(no diagram)

gas jar

watch glass

evaporating dish

(diagram is more curved than watch glass)

tongs

test tube holder

spatula

test tube rack

(filter) funnel

(diagram includes filter paper)

filter paper

(the v inside the filter funnel in diagram)

dropper

glass rod

stand and clamp

1. stand 2. clamp

1?

wire gauze

2?

tripod

3?

Bunsen burner

4?

heat-proof mat

length is measured in __

metres

when we measure the length of an object with a ruler, we should read the scale from __.

vertically above

4 units of volume

1. millilitres (mL)

2. litres (L)

3. cubic centimetres (cm3)

4. cubic metres (m3)

in the measuring cylinder, there is a curved surface of liquid called __

meniscus

our eyes should be at the same level as the __ of the meniscus.

bottom

mass is measured in 3 units

kilograms (kg), grams (g) and miligrams (mg)

used for precise measurement in mass

electronic balance

things to measure temperature

1. temperature sensor connected to a data logger

2. thermometer

time is measured in 3 units with a stopwatch

seconds, minutes, hours

repeated measurements

to minimize error. repeat the measurement several times and calculate an average value.