Chapter 24 Practice Questions Urinary System

What component of the urinary system filters blood through removing waste and converting filtrate into urine

Kidney

What component of the urinary system transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

ureters

What component of the urinary system is an expandable muscular sack that stores as much as 1 L of urine

bladder

What component of the urinary system ultimately eliminates or voids urine from the body

Urethra

What is the active form of D3 that the kidneys produce

Calcitriol

If oxygen levels are low, kidneys indirectly measure it and produce

erythropoietin

During prolonged starvation or fasting kidneys engage in _______ which is the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

glucogenesis

The _________ is where vessels, nerves, ureter connect to kidney

hilum

The first tissue layer directly adhered to the kidneys surface is the

fibrous capsule

The 2nd tissue layer of the kidneys are _________ responsible for cushioning and supporting the kidneys

perinephric fat

3rd layer of tissue surrounding the kidney, external to perinephric fat, responsible for anchoring kidney to surrounding structures

renal fascia

outermost layer of tissue surrounding kidney, also cushions and supports the kidney

paranephric fat

Sympathetic innervation (T10-T12) of the kidneys affects urine production how

decreasing urine production

Which innervation fo the kidneys has no known function

parasympathetic nerves (CN X/ Vagus)

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Microscopic functional filtration unit of kidney​ is called

nephron

The type of nephron that has a short nephron loop that barely penetrates the medulla; makes up 85% of nephrons

Cortical nephron

Type of nephron that helps establish salt concentration gradient in intersitial space; long nephron loop that extends deep into medulla

Juxtamedullary nephron

Nephrons drain into

collecting tubules

Multiple collecting tubules empty into larger

collecting ducts

multiple collecting ducts empty into

papillary ducts

papillary ducts are located within the

renal papilla

specialized epithelial cells that are responsive to hormones aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

principle cells

specialized epithelial cells that help regulate urine pH and blood pH

intercalated cells (types A and B)

Specialized kidney structure responsible for regulating blood filtrate formation and systemic blood pressure

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Component of JG apparatus that synthesizes, store, and release renin.