chapter 4 acids and redox

Definitions and formulae

acid

proton or H+ donor

weak acid

partially dissociates in an aqueous solution

strong acid

full dissociates in an aqueous solution

hydrochloric acid

HCl

sulphuric acid

H2SO4

nitric acid

HNO3

ethanoic acid

CH3COOH

alkali

a base that dissolves in water releasing OH- ions

strong alkali

OH- is part of the formula

weak alkali

react with water to form OH- ions

standard solution

a solution of a known concentration

titrations

used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with a known volume of another solution

oxidation number

based off a set of rules that apply to atoms and can be thought of as the number of electrons involved in bonding to a different element

redox reaction

a reaction that involves both oxidation and reduction

reduction

decrease in terms of oxidation number

oxidation

gain in terms of oxidation number

base

neutralises an acid to form a salt

ionic equation

contains only the ions that take part in the reaction, excludes spectator ions