Earth Systems Bio Midterm

In classifying organisms according to their source of energy and carbon, how would you classify a fungus (like yeast)?

a) as a photoheterotroph
b) as a photoautotroph
c) as a chemoautotroph
d) as a chemoheterotroph

d

Which of the following are examples of kinetic energy? (Choose all that apply)

a) Cooked carrot
b) Sunlight
c) Water behind a dam
d) High concentration of ions one one side of a membrane
e) Muscle contraction
f) Heat
g) Water Evaporation
h) Gasoline

b, e, f, g

Nearly all cells use ATP as their primary energy source. This is evidence that:

a) life continues to evolve and use novel energy sources.
b) ATP evolved recently (in the last 100 years) as a potential source of energy
c) the use of ATP by cells began eons ago and has been conserved over time.
d) only eukaryotic cells can produce ATP
e) fossil fuels are composed of ATP

c

Kangaroo rats live in the desert of the southwestern United States. They have many adaptations to minimize water loss. They obtain a small amount of water from seeds that they eat. However, the rest of the water they obtain is from cellular respiration.

a) This cannot be true, as cellular respiration doesn’t really “produce” water
b) This cannot be true, as water is actually consumed in cellular respiration
c) This could be true, as water is produced in cellular respiration
d) This could be true, as water is produced in glycolysis
e) This could be true, as water is produced in the citric acid cycle

c

Which of the following is/are true regarding redox reactions? Select all that apply.

a) Oxidizing agents accept electrons
b) If a molecule accepts electrons, it has been reduced
c) Redox reactions involve the transfer of hydrogen ions (H+)
d) A molecule that has gained H atoms is said to be reduced

a, b, d

In the reactions of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle, chemical energy is transferred to the bonds in: Select all that apply

a) ATP
b) electron carriers
c) fats
d) No answer text provided.

a, b

In cellular respiration, oxygen:

a) gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent
b) loses electrons and is a reducing agent
c) gains electrons and is a reducing agent
d) loses electrons and is an oxidizing agent
e) None of the other answer options is correct

a

During photosynthesis,                      is reduced to              .

a) water; carbon dioxide
b) carbon dioxide; sugar
c) oxygen; water
d) sugar; oxygen
e) carbon dioxide; oxygen

b

During which stage(s) of cellular respiration is carbon dioxide released?

a) stage 1 only
b) stages 1 and 2
c) stages 2 and 3
d) stage 3 only
e) stages 3 and 4

c

Energy can be extracted from glucose and converted to ATP only if: 

a) oxygen is present
b) the cell has mitochondria
c) the cell has membrane proteins that can pump hydrogen ions
d) the cell has enzymes that can carry out glycolysis

d

How old is the Earth?

a) 45 million years
b) 4.5 billion
c) 45 billion
d) We really don’t know

b