Death and immortality final

an atman

Buddhist doctrine of no permanent self, true self or soul in Hindu though

Upanishads

800-300 BCE

Hindu

Key text: Katha Upanishad

• Key figures: Nachiketas, Yama

• Core ideas: Brahman/Atman, Tat Tvam Asi, reincarnation, samsara

Ancestor Veneration

 Ongoing relationship between living and dead.

Gifts/ceremonies to celebrate dead

Brahman/atman

Ultimate reality, cosmic principle. Claim that individual soul and reality are 1

Brahman - ultimate unchanging cosmic reality

Atman - individual self

Cryogenics

Kim Suozzi, relativley modern, freezing/preservation of body parts

Liminality

Turner, period between 2 parts of life/ceremony,  In-between state (neither alive nor fully dead).

Day of Judgement

Christian tradition, when god judges you for your sins and decides whether you go to hell or heaven

Soma/psyche

• Body/soul dualism (Greek thought).

Akedah

1200-200 BCE, Binding of ISaac

Geryon

• Monster symbolizing fraud (later Dante).

• 8th circle, 3 heads or some

• Beast in nice clothing

Ghost Festival

China, give gifts to ancestors in afterlife like death money, food, fake phones

Gospels

1st Century CE, Christian, ressurection, Judgement day

Supersessionism

• Christian belief that Christianity replaces Judaism.

Humbaba

Gilgamesh, Guardian of the Cedar Forest; mortality symbol.

Hungry Ghost

Bodily Resurrection, Buddhist/Chinese afterlife being defined by insatiable desire. how to get rid of them? offering food, appeasing them

Ishmael

Islam, binding of Ishmael

Karma

Results of your actions in life comes back to you, Hindu tradition

Katha Upanisad

450-500 BCE around same time as Phaedo, Nachiketas enounter with Yama, Self realization, atman, moksha. “dont ask about life after death”

Offrenda

Mexican ancestor veneration w photos, food, offerings etc

Tat Tvam Asi

Chandagoya Upanishad, "Thou Art That" or "You are that," signifying the non-dualistic truth that the individual soul (Atman) is identical to the universal consciousness (Brahman

Lucifer

“Satan”, went against God, used to be angel, at bottom of Inferno now, Embodiment of ultimate rebellion and pride.

Sramana

600 Bce~

Renouncer movement, a spiritual seeker or ascetic in ancient Indian traditions, originating in movements outside Vedic Hinduism that emphasized self-discipline, renunciation, and personal effort for liberation (moksha)

Francesca di Rimini

1321/14th century

Dantes Inferno,  Punished for lust; tragic love.

• Francesca di Rimini was a beautiful noble girl – destined to become a nun – but she was kidnapped and forced to marry the violent Gianciotto Malatesta, Paolo’s older brother. While living together, Paolo and Francesca fell in love. Unfortunately, the brother discovered their affair and killed the two lovers, condemning his brother and his wife to an eternity in Hell. 

Mulien

• Figure who rescues his mother from hell (filial piety).

Nachiketas

Particular judgement/final judgment

• Judgment at death., Judgment at end of time.

• Occurs at the time of death

• Decides the fate of each soul in the intermediate period, between death and the Last Judgment

Rite of passage

Ceremony, turner, change in social status, Ritual marking transition (birth, death, etc.).

Processional Self

• Identity as changing, narrative-based, unfolding over time.

Reincarnation

Belief in coming back after death, Rebirth based on karma.

Authanatology

• Study of one’s own dying.

• Example when breath becoems air

Samsara

Cycle of birth, death, rebirth

Day of the dead

Mexico, make offrendas, honor death

Ressurection body

• Restored, transformed physical body.

Siddhartha Gautama

5th century BCE, Buddha, made Buddhism after being englightened

Substantial self

• The idea of a fixed, enduring soul.

Virgil

1st century BCE

Roman author, wrote Aeneid, was with Dante in the Inferno

10 Courts of Hell

Chinese tradition of Hell

Chinese bureaucratic afterlife judgment system

Yama

Hindu lord of death

Kim Suozzi

Froze her brain after being diagnosed w brain cancer, Cryogenics

Muhammed

7th Century CE

Prophet of Islam, wrote englihtenments in Quran

Apocalyptic

• End-times revelation and judgment.

Dantes Inferno

1321, Moral justice, contrapasso, Francesca di Rimini

When Breath becomes air

2015/2016

Memoir, medicine, meaning, mortality

Gilgamesh

2100-1200 BCE

Mesopotamian, Gilgamesh, Enkidu, Humbaba

Morality, fear of death

ullumbana sutra

filial piety, hungry ghost festival, 5th century ce, Mulien

gave mom rice, was coal

Moksha

Freedom from cycle of rebirth, bliss, awarness

• Chandogya Upanisad

The Vedas

1500-400 CE, Earliest history of india, Sanskrit,

Vedic sacrafice

to vedas gods, restricted to Brahmins

Phaedo

4th century BCE,

• Tradition: Greek philosophy

• Death = separation of soul from body

• Body obstructs truth

Cave allegory

• Material world = illusion

• Knowledge = ascent toward truth n### World of Forms

• Eternal, unchanging reality

4 Sights

Old man, sick person, dead body, sramana - everyone subject to death, life, sickness

Mara

impulses that keep you in samsara

5 Aggregates

Form, Sensation, Percepion, Mental Formations, Consciousness

Gods gift to humanity

Freewill /9liberium arbitrum0, reason ratio, conscience syndresis, will voluntus

contrapasso

counter hit

Final judgement

• Occurs at the Second Coming at the end of this world

• Decides the fate of souls for all eternity