Biology Exam 3 -LA 12 - Mitosis & Cell Cycle

apoptosis

1. programmed cell death →

apoptosis

1. programmed cell death →

G2 checkpoint

3. cell cycle checkpoint that ensures DNA duplicated during S phase is not damaged →

centromere

4. location on chromosome where sister chromatids attach →

somatic

5. normal body cells →

telomeres

6.non-coding DNA repeats at the end of chromosomes that protect coding DNA →

G1 phase

7. stage of interphase where energy is replenished, proteins are synthesized for cell division, and duplication of some cell structures occurs →

S phase

8. stage of interphase when DNA synthesis occurs →

M checkpoint

9. checkpoint that ensures chromosomes are lined up at metaphase plate and sister chromatids are attached to spindle microtubules →

G1 checkpoint

10. checkpoint that determines if cell conditions are favorable and if starting DNA is undamaged → G1 checkpoint

mitosis

11. division of the nucleus →

positive regulation

12. molecules promote the progress of the cell cycle to the next phase →

negative regulation

13. example molecules include retinoblastoma proteins (Rb), p53, and p21

Instances where cells divide by mitosis

✅cellular repair in eukaryotes

✅Growth and development in eukaryotes

✅ Asexual reproduction in eukaryotes

True statements about cell Biology

✅A: All eukaryotic somatic cells are diploid.

✅B: Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

✅C: Cyclin-dependent kinases are present but not active in cell cycle regulation without the presence of cyclin proteins. 

❌D : Cytokinesis occurs the same way in both plant and animal cells. 

✅E: Sister chromatids are genetically identical.

❌F: Chromosomes are always visible in the cell. 

❌G: The term chromosome can be used to describe both chromosomes composed of one and two chromatids.