Unit 5 People

George III (1738-1820)

the king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and was king during the American Revolutionary War and during the French Revolution and Napoleonic era. 

Louis XVI (1754-1793)

the king of France at the outset of the French Revolution. 

Marie Antoinette (1755-1793)

the queen of France at the outset of the French Revolution. 

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes (1748-1836)

also known as the Abbe Sieyes, he clergyman and political writer during the French Revolution. His pamphlet What is the Third Estate? became the political manifesto of the revolution.

Maximilien de Robespierre (1758-1794)

a Jacobin leader of the National Convention, who helped run the country of France during the Reign of Terror. He was nicknamed “the incorruptible.” 

Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793)

 a radical sans-culottes journalist who owned a newspaper called “Friend of the People” and often whipped people into a frenzy of violence with his writings. 

Georges Danton (1759-1794)

a Jacobin leader who led the Committee of Public Safety, along with Robespierre, during the Reign of Terror.

Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)

a French writer and reformer  who fought for the rights of women and minorities during the French Revolution.  Her most famous work was the “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen” in 1791. 

Leopold II (1747-1792)

 the brother of Marie Antoinette, he was the Holy Roman Emperor and emperor of Austria during the beginning of the French Revolution. He helped start the counter-revolution that wanted to restore the Bourbon monarchy to power in France. 

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

a famous French general during the French Revolution who eventually overthrew the government and became the Emperor of France from 1804 until 1815. He conquered most of Europe and helped spread revolutionary ideas throughout the continent. 

Toussaint L’Ouverture (1743-1803)

a Black man born enslaved on the French colony of Saint-Domingue  who led a slave revolt that eventually led to the creation of the modern day country of Haiti in 1804. 

Edmund Burke (1729-1797)

a conservative Englishman who opposed the radical ideas of the French Revolution in his book Reflections on the Revolution in France and cautioned Britain against engaging in the types of excesses occurring in France. 

Klemens von Metternich (1773-1859)

a prince and Austria’s foreign minister at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, he was a conservative leader at the Congress of Vienna and helped establish the Concert of Europe, which helped maintain a balance of power within Europe during the first half of the 19th century. 

Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)

a French painter of the Romantic movement who expressed the idea of nationalism in his paintings, such as Liberty Leading the People

Francisco Goya (1746-1823)

a Spanish painter of the Romantic movement whose paintings during the Napoleonic War express a sense of Spanish nationalism. 

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

a German composer and one of the most revered musicians in the history of Western music, he served as a bridge between classical music and the Romantic movement