TCA Anaplerotic Reactions

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9 Terms

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Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Glucose. GNG.

Oxaloacetate. Catalyzed by PEP Carboxylase (plants) and PEPCK (animals).

Pyruvate. Catalyzed by Pyruvate Kinase (PK).

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Pyruvate

Oxaloacetate. Catalyzed by Pyruvate Carboxylase (PC in GNG).

Malate. Catalyzed by Malic Enzyme.

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Acetyl-CoA

Fatty acids

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Citrate

Fatty acids, cholesterol

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α-Ketoglutarate

Transamination forms Glutamate. Glutamate forms Glutamine, Proline, Arginine, and Purines for nucleotides.

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Succinyl-CoA

Porphyrins/hemes, odd-chain fatty acids, Isoleucine, Methionine, Valine.

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Fumarate

Aspartate, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine

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Malate

Glucose (malate -> oxaloacetate -> glucose via GNG).

Oxaloacetate. Catalyzed by Malate Dehydrogenase.

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Oxaloacetate

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Catalyzed by PEP Carboxylase (plants) and PEPCK (animals).

Aspartate and Asparagine. Formed by transamination, can then turn into Pyrimidines for nucleotides. Can also make Isoleucine, Leucine, and Methionine.

Malate. Catalyzed by Malate Dehydrogenase.