Endocrine Lab Quiz

What gland is this?

Kidney

(tubules, nephron)

What gland is this?

14. Testes

15. Interstial Cells (LEYDIG cells)

What gland is this?

16. Adrenal Cortex

17. Adrenal Medulla

What gland is this?

Thymic Lubules (each lobes)

Thymus Cortex (outside)

Thymus Medulla (inside — white circle)

What gland is this?

19. Pancreas

20. Eyelets of Langerhans

19. Langerhans

21. Ovary

22. Ovarian follicle

Top. Thyroid

23. Parathyroid

What gland is this?

24. Anterior Pituitary Gland (Pars Distalis)

25. Posterior Pituitary Gland (Pars Nervosa)

What gland is this?

Thyroid Follicle (big circle) — releases thyroglobulin

Follicular Cells (small purple circles around big circle)

Parafollicular Cells (big clump of tiny purple circles)

What picture is this?

Melatonin

1. Gland?

2. Hormone?

3. Function

4. Target TIssue

1. Thyroid

2. Thyroxine (T3,T4), Calcitonin

3. Regulate Basal Metabolic Rate, inhibits osteoclast

4. All cells in the body, bones

Describe gland #2

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Adrenal Gland

2. Adrenal Cortex: Aldosterone Cortisol, Androgens —— Adrenal Medulla: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

3. Stimulate body’s fight or flight response, surppress inflammation

4. liver, muscle, fat, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, liver, adipose tissue

Describe gland #3

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Pancreas

2. Insulin, Glucagon

3. Regulates glucose levels in the blood

Insulin lowers blood sugar levels— Glucagon raises blood sugar levels

4. Liver, muscle, adipose tissue,

Describe gland #5

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Pineal

2. Melatonin

3. Regulates circadian rhythm or sleep-wake cycle)

4. Brain region; Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Liver, Gonads, Pancreas

Describe gland #6

1. Gland

2. Hormone and Function

3. Target Tissue

1. Hypothalamus

2. Secretes releasing hormones to control Anterior Pituitary gland and to generate nerve impulses to control Posterior Pituitary gland.

3. Anterior Pituitary, Posterior Pituitary (storage)

Describe gland #7

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Pituitary Gland

2. Anterior Pituitary Gland: (FLAT PEG)

Follicle (FSH)

Luteinizing (LH)

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Thyroid (TSH)

Prolactin

Melanocyte (MSH)

Growth Hormone (hGH):

Posterior Pituitary Gland:

Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)/ Vasopressin

Oxytocin

3. “MASTER GLAND”; producing hormones that control vital functions like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response

4. Thyroid, Adrenals, Gonads, Kidneys, Liver, Adipose tissue

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

Anterior Pituitary Gland: (FLAT PEG)

Follicle (FSH): Pubertal development; females=stimulates growth of ovarian follicle (egg production) ; males=stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis)

Luteinizing (LH): work with FSH to regulate reproductive function; females; triggers ovulation, form corpus luteum producing progesterone; males=stimulates leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH): “stress hormone” stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol; regulates metabolism, BP, and immune response to stress.

Thyroid (TSH): stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate the body's metabolic rate, heart function, muscle control, and brain development.

Prolactin: primarily acts on the mammary glands to stimulate milk production (lactation) after childbirth. It also plays a role in regulating reproductive functions and immune system function.

Melatonin: regulates the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm); its production increases in the evening to promote sleep.

Growth Hormone (hGH): critical for stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in children. In adults, it plays a key role in metabolism, body composition, and tissue repair. 

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)/ Vasopressin: regulate water balance, blood pressure, and sodium levels

Oxytocin: essential for social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and lactation

Describe gland #11

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Testes

2. Testosterone

3. sperm production; drives male characteristics (voice, muscle, hair)

4. Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, epididymis, and scrotum.

Describe gland #12

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Function

5. Target Tissue

1. Ovary

2. Progesterone, Estrogen

3. Progesterone: Peaks after ovulation (luteal phase) to thicken the uterine lining, making it rich in nutrients for implantation.

4. Estrogen: Rises in the first half (follicular phase) to rebuild the uterine lining (endometrium) after menstruation and trigger ovulation.

5. Uterus, Mammary gland, brain

Describe gland #10

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Adrenal Cortex

2. Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgen

3. Regulates salt and water balance, suppress inflammation and depress function of immune system, stimulate sex characteristics of both females and males)

4. Kidney, muscles, liver, WBC, fat tissue, reproductive organs

3 layers of Adrenal Cortex

1. Zona Glomerulosa: Aldosterone

2. Zona Fasciculata: Cortisol, Cortisone

3. Zona Reticularis: Androgen (Testosterone, estrogen)

GFR (Girl be FR)

Describe gland #9

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Adrenal Medulla

2. Epinephrine, Norepinephrine (ADRENALINE)

3. Stimulates the body’s fight or flight response

4. heart, blood vessels, lungs, liver, eyes, adipose tissue, digestive and urinary system

Describe gland #8

1. Gland

2. Hormone

3. Function

4. Target Tissue

1. Thymus

2. Thymosin

3. Stimulates maturation of white blood cells (WBC), regulate immunocompetence of WBC.

4. WBC

Kidney

1. Hormone

2. Function

1. Erythropoietin

2. regulates red blood cell (RBC) production in the bone marrow in response to low oxygen levels (hypoxia)