Lesson 4- Grammar

じかん　いいかた (Grammar 1)

How to tell time

じ

hour

ふん　or　ぷん

minute.

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Numbers: 2, 5, 7, 9 are followed by ふん.

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Numbers: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 are followed by ぷん.

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Numbers 1, 6, 8, 10 are read with a double consonants.

びょう

second

1 じ 25 ふん

01:25

5 じ 40 ぷん

05:40

Hour: 4 (irregular)

よじ

Hour: 7 (irregular)

しちじ

Hour: ９ (irregular)

くじ

Minute: 11

じゅういっぷん

Minute: 26

にじゅうろっぷん

Minute: 30

さんじゅっぷん／さんじゅっはん

はん

30 minutes or half an hour

ごぜん

a.m.

ごご

p.m.

あさ

morning

ひる

noon

よる

evening

ごぜん 8 じ

gozenhachiji - 8 am

ごご 5 じ

gogogoji - 5 pm

あさ 6 じ

asarokuji - 6 am

よる 12 じ

yorujuniji - 12 pm

ねんがっぴの 　いいかた (Grammar 2)

How to say dates:

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Format: (year/ month/ day)

ねん

year

1990 ねん

せんきゅうひやくきゅうじゅうねん

2014 ねん

にせんじゅうよねん

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Note- A year that ends with "4", you should pronounce "よ" instead of "よん".

1994 ねん

せんきゅうひやくきゅうじゅうよねん

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Note- A year that ends with "4", you should pronounce "よ" instead of "よん".

がつ

month

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Number + gatsu

January

いちがつ

June

ろくがつ

December

じゅうにがつ

にち

day

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There're many irregular forms of "にち", especially from 1 to 10.

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For the dates of the 10th onwards, the dates that end with "4" and "20" are irregular readings.

Day: 1st

ついたち

Day: 2nd

ふつか

Day: 3rd

みっか

Day: 4th

よっか

Day: 5th

いつか

Day: 6th

むいか

Day: 7th

なのか

Day: 8th

ようか

Day: 9th

ここのか

Day: 10th

とおか

Day: 14th

じゅうよっか

Day: 20th

はつか

Day: 24th

にじゅうよっか

1998/ 7/ 1

せんきゅうひゃくきゅうじゅうはちねん /

しちがつ/ ついたち

2012/ 4/ 10

にせんじゅうにねん / しがつ / とおか

きかんの 　いいかた (Grammar 3)

How to say periods of time.

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Expressing a period of time is simple and the same rule applies when counting time. You say "かん" after "じ" and "ふん／ぷん".

じかん - Hours (Counting)

なんじかん / Number + じかん (How many hours)

1 hour

いちじかん

4 hour

よじかん

7 hour

ななじかん or しちじかん

ふん/ぷん - Minutes (Counting)

なんぷん / Number + ふん/ぷん (How many minutes)

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Numbers: 2, 5, 7, 9 are followed by ふん.

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Numbers: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 are followed by ぷん.

1 minute

いっぷん

5 minute

ごふん

2 h 20 min

にじかん　にじゅっぷん

14 h 34 m

じゅうよじかん　さんじゅうよんぷん

ねんかん

\~Years.

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The length of years is read by putting "かん" after the words.

2 years

にねんかん

9 years

きゅうねんかん

かげつかん

\~Months.

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The length of months is read "かげつかん".

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1, 6, 8 and 10 months are double consonants in them.

1 months

いっかげつかん

4 months

よんかげつかん

10 months

じゅっかげつかん

しゅうかん

～Weeks

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1, 6, 8 and 10 weeks are double consonants in them.

1 week

いっしゆうかん

8 weeks

はっしゆうかん

10 weeks

じゆうしゆうかん

にちかん

～days

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Reading the length of days is almost the same as reading the dates.



"かん" can be used to differentiate the dates from the length of days.

1 day

いちにち

2 days

ふつかかん

3 days

みつかかん

4 days

よつかかん

5 days

いつかかん

6 days

むいかかん

7 days

なのかかん

8 days

ようかかん

9 days

ここのかかん

10 days

とおかかん

1 month 2 days

いっかげつ       ふつかかん

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When saying a certain length of time, you usually say "かん" after the word that refers to the length of time. You can omit "かん" if it refers to the length of time other than "じかん (hours)" and "しゅう (weeks)". In this situation, it sounds natural if "かん" is omitted.

4 years

よねん

8 Weeks

はっしゅうかん

いちねんは       なんかげつ        ありますか。

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(Translate and answer the question)

Translation: How many months are in a year?

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Answer: じゅうにかげつ

…から…まで (Grammar 4)

from…to…

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This is an expression of distance, limitation, and length of time. The words before "から" and "まで" are nouns referring to a time and place.

1. じかん

Time as the subject.

デパートは 10 じから 20 じまでです。

The department store is open from 10:00 to 20:00.

かいぎは 3月 (せんがつ) 1 1日(じゅういちにち) から 1 5 日(じゅうごにち) までです。

The meeting is from March 11th to 15th.

2. ばしょ

Place as the subject.

ぎんこう から びょういんまで

From the bank to the hospital.

デパートから スーパーまで

From the department store to the supermarket.

…か、…か (Grammar 5)

This is used when giving somebody two things to choose from. "ですか" or "ますか" are often used when asking a question.

きょうは 9 月(くがつ) 8 日(ようか) ですか、 9 日 (ここのか) ですか。

Is today September 8th or 9th?

あそこは えいがかんですか、びじゅつかんですか。

Is that a movie theatre or an art museum?

これは あんどうさんの ざっしですか、やまださんの ざっしですか。

Is this Mr. Ando's magazine or Mr. Yamada's magazine?

いつ (Grammar 6)

When or What time?

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When there is a noun, you can ask "N は いつですか？".



When there is a verb, you can ask "いつ＋Verb".

すずきさんの たんじょうびは いつですか。

When is Mr. Suzuki's birthday?

かいぎは いつですか。

When is the meeting?

ラジさんは いつ きましたか。

When did Raj come?

おとうさんは いつ ベトナムに いきますか。

When will your father go to Vietnam?