Exam V Review: Gases, Solutions, and Acids/Bases

Atmospheric Pressure

Pressure exerted by air in the atmosphere.

Barometer

Device invented by Torricelli to measure atmospheric pressure.

Boyle's Law

Pressure inversely relates to volume at constant temperature.

Charles's Law

Volume directly relates to temperature at constant pressure.

Avogadro's Law

Equal volumes of gases contain equal particles at same conditions.

Ideal Gas Law

PV=nRT; relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Total pressure equals sum of partial pressures of gases.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Describes gas behavior based on particle motion and collisions.

Gas Stoichiometry

Calculating relationships between gas volumes in reactions.

Molar Heat of Fusion

Energy required to change solid to liquid at melting point.

Molar Heat of Vaporization

Energy required to change liquid to gas at boiling point.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces between molecules affecting physical properties.

Intramolecular Forces

Forces within a molecule holding atoms together.

Heating Curve of Water

Graph showing temperature changes during phase transitions.

Solution Components

Solutions consist of solute and solvent.

Like Dissolves Like

Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes; nonpolar dissolves nonpolar.

Mass Percent

Mass of solute divided by total mass of solution.

Molarity

Moles of solute per liter of solution.

Arrhenius Acid

Substance that increases H+ concentration in solution.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Proton donor in acid-base reactions.

Strong Acids

Acids that completely dissociate in solution.

pH Calculation

pH = -log[H+]; measures acidity of solution.

pOH Calculation

pOH = -log[OH-]; measures basicity of solution.

Neutral Solution

Solution where [H+] equals [OH-].