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International Hospital Code System

A system of codes used to alert the staff in a medical facility in emergency situations such as fires, cardiac and/or respiratory arrest, uncontrolled individuals, and disaster team alert

Code Red

Fire

Code Blue

Respiratory or Cardiac Arrest

Code Yellow

Uncontrolled individual or a threatening situation

Code Green

Designated team of people in the hospital should report to a designated area

Identification system of the National Fire Protection Association

A hazard identification system. This system provides at a glance, in words, symbols, and pictures, information on the presence of potential health, flammability, and chemical reactivity hazards of material used in the lab. This information is provided on the labels of all containers for hazardous chemicals

Electrical Safety

Avoid shock, never touch electrical outlets with wet hands. Equipment must be grounded.

Fire Safety

Know fire codes , escape routes, and procedures if exit is blocked. Know where fire blanket (to smother fire) and extinguisher are located. Avoid causes of fire: smoking, open flames, pipes, heating elements, and spark gaps. Know National Fire Code

Fire Door

Heavy door that is found between areas of a building

Fire extinguisher type a

wood, paper, rubbish, draperies, or bedding.(contains pressurized water)

Fire extinguisher type b

flammable liquids, i.e. alcohol, grease, paint and oil (Contains dry powder - sodium bicarbonate or carbon dioxide)

Fire extinguisher type c

electrical wiring, most appliances, or switchboards

Fire extingusher type abc

all types of fire ( contains monoammonium phosphate powder)

Mechanical Safety

Learn to use equipment properly.

Proper Body Mechanics

Lift supplies properly

Radiation Safety

Avoid exposure to radiation and/or wear protective shields. Know symbol

Universal Precautions

Treat all specimen (blood, urine,body fluids etc.) and patients as though they have diseases such as the HIV virus, bacteria, parasites, fungi, Hepatitis etc.

Biohazard symbol

Protection barriers

Do not

eat, drink, chew gum or smoke in lab. Sharp contaminated objects go in

Biohazard material that is not sharp go in

biohazard bag

Broken glass and other sharp objects that is not contaminated should go in

broken glass receptacle , and never use broken or chipped glassware

Clean spills and clean work area with

5 - 10% bleach

Use biological safety hood when

using specimens in a manner where aerosols may be generated

An autoclave should be used

to sterilize. It operates by steam under pressure 120C, 15-20 lbs. pressure psi, 15-20.

Chemical Safety

• No mouth pipetting used for body fluid and dangerous chemicals, use pipette bulb.

• Wear goggles when working with dangerous chemicals, and when splashes are likely to occur.

• Know where eye wash and safety showers are located and know how and when to use them.

• Chemical spills should be carefully cleaned up according to proper procedures for the chemical involved.

• When working with chemicals in which you may encounter toxic fumes that could cause lung irritation and damage, use a fume hood.

• All reagent and chemicals should be properly labeled and stored. spill clean-up kit

Never handle

• electrical equipment when your hands are wet

• substances containing acid, such as clinitest tablets, when your hands are wet.

Report to instructor immediately when

• a classroom accident occurs

• faulty equipment

(Basic) General Safety Rules

• Keep all drawers and closet doors closed.

• Wipe spilled liquids off floors immediately according to proper procedures

• Keep all passageways clear and uncluttered

• Always carry sharp objects with the point down.

• Never put your hands near your face when using chemicals and other irritating substances

• Never deviate from a procedure or manufacturer's instructions without the instructor's permission.

• Wear a laboratory jacket or coat and closed-toe shoes.

• Pin long hair away from face and neck

• Avoid wearing chains, bracelets, rings, or other loose hanging jewelry

• No horseplay

• Avoid tasting, smelling, or breathing the dust of any chemicals

• Handle equipment with care and store it properly.

• Keep all non essential items off desk

Quality Control Involves:

1.Proper patient preparation - fasting or special diets 2.Proper specimen collection - properly using containers, anticoagulant tubes, and preservatives. 3.Proper maintenance of lab machinery and supplies - calibrating machines frequently etc. 4.Proper running of controls and standard with every test done to insure reagents are working, equipment is working, and technique is done correctly. 5.Correct reporting of results - supervisor should check all results before they are reported to physicians. 6.Duplicate analyses - running test twice.

Autoclave

a device utilizing steam under pressure to sterilize medical instruments and laboratory specimens.

Caustic

burning or corrosive

usually destructive to living tissue.

Contamination

the pollution of an area or substance with unwanted extraneous material such as pathogens or hazardous chemicals.

Disinfection

any practical procedure for reducing the pathogen contamination in the inanimate environment, as in air, on work counters, or equipment. Hazardous chemical list

Incident Report

A report made by a health care worker when an event occurs, which is not consistent with the routine operation of the medical facility

Infection Control

In health care institutions, the constant effort to prevent the spread of infectious organisms

a separate department in larger facilities.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Information that comes from the chemical manufacturer and suppliers about the dangers of the chemical. All MSDS sheets should be kept together in a book, and the whereabouts known to all.

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

a federal agency within the U.S. Department of Labor. OSHA works against occupational sources of disease

PPE (personal protective equipment)

clothing and other equipment that shields workers from outside Contaminates. PPE includes gloves, uniforms, fluid-proof aprons, masks, and eye-shields.

Specimen

small amount of body tissue (e.g., urine, blood, or tumor biopsy) taken from purposes of examination. The sample is assumed to represent the whole and to provide meaningful results for the total individual.

Standard Precautions

a set of CDC safety procedures designed to protect patients and healthcare workers from infectious agents.

Universal Precautions

a set of recommendations formulated by the CDC to protect workers against HIV and other pathogens. The precautions impose isolation of all specimens of blood, blood products, and other body fluids capable of transmitting pathogens. Accreditation

Epidemiology

the study of the factors that cause disease and determine frequency and distribution.

Immunohematology

the study of blood group antigens and antibodies

blood banking.

Mycology

the study of fungi.

Stat test

a test that must be performed immediately.

Deionized water

water that has had most of the mineral ions removed

Distilled water

the condensate collected from steam after water has been boiled

Controls

Generally made from human blood, known substances that are ran with laboratory test to check equipment, reagents, and technique. There are usually high, normal, and low control levels.

Fasting State

a specimen collected from a patient who has not been eating or drinking for a prescribed time.

Time Specimen

a specimen must be collected at a certain time. For example, if a patient is receiving a toxicdrug, a test must be done to assure the correct dose was given.

Standards

Solutions of a know value of a pure substance used in quality control testing.

Solute

substance being dissolved, usually a solid

Solvent

the liquid that is doing the dissolving, sometimes called a diluent

Solution

homogeneous mixture of substances, remained dissolved, permanent mixture.

Suspension

Heterogeneous mixture of substance in which solute settles out

Supernatant

liquid that floats on the top, may float on top of another liquid or solid

Precipitate

material that settles to the bottom, also called sediment