Unit 2 AP Bio Pt. 2

transport proteins

move solids against concentration gradient, carrier proteins

protein pump

moves substance against concentration gradient

membrane potential

voltage across membrane affects charged substances acrss membrane,

chemical and electrical force

electro chemical gradient drives ion diffusion

celectro genic pump

generates voltage

co transport

transport protein works at same time as transport of second substance

paracrine signaing

secrete messenger molecules to healthy cells

synaptic signaling

nerve releases neurotransmitters across synapse to muscle or nerve cell (triggered by electrical signaling)

endocrine signaing

secrete hormones that travel in circulatory system to cell in other parts of body

stages-reception signaling

molecules binds to receptor protein on surface or inside of cell

transduction

series of steps converting signals (signal transduction pathway)

legand

molecule that binds to another

g protein coupled receptor

cell surface trans membrane receptor

legand gated ion channel

membrane receptor with gates for ions (important to nervous system)

isotonic

no net movement of water

hypertonic

cell loses water

hypotonic

cel gains water

facilitated diffusion

passive transport with proteins for polar molecules and ions

turgid

healthy state for plants

flacid

lip (isotonic solution)

plasmolisis

wilted (in hypertonic)

channel proteins

hydrophic passages for water or small ions

ion channels

gated channels that respond to stimulus

carrier proteins

change shape to move something across membrane

diffusion

movement of particles spreading out into small space to where it is less concentrated

concentration