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transport proteins
move solids against concentration gradient, carrier proteins
protein pump
moves substance against concentration gradient
membrane potential
voltage across membrane affects charged substances acrss membrane,
chemical and electrical force
electro chemical gradient drives ion diffusion
celectro genic pump
generates voltage
co transport
transport protein works at same time as transport of second substance
paracrine signaing
secrete messenger molecules to healthy cells
synaptic signaling
nerve releases neurotransmitters across synapse to muscle or nerve cell (triggered by electrical signaling)
endocrine signaing
secrete hormones that travel in circulatory system to cell in other parts of body
stages-reception signaling
molecules binds to receptor protein on surface or inside of cell
transduction
series of steps converting signals (signal transduction pathway)
legand
molecule that binds to another
g protein coupled receptor
cell surface trans membrane receptor
legand gated ion channel
membrane receptor with gates for ions (important to nervous system)
isotonic
no net movement of water
hypertonic
cell loses water
hypotonic
cel gains water
facilitated diffusion
passive transport with proteins for polar molecules and ions
turgid
healthy state for plants
flacid
lip (isotonic solution)
plasmolisis
wilted (in hypertonic)
channel proteins
hydrophic passages for water or small ions
ion channels
gated channels that respond to stimulus
carrier proteins
change shape to move something across membrane
diffusion
movement of particles spreading out into small space to where it is less concentrated
concentration
