swallowing disorders final review

what is the most appropriate instrumental evaluation to assess infant pharyngeal swallow function without radiation exposure

fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing

which phase of swallowing in infants involves bolus transfer from the tongue to the pharynx?

oral phase

which of the following is a behavior-based pediatric swallowing screening tool?

mealtime behavioral Questionnaire

a child frequently spits out food and gags on textured solids. which phase is most likely affected

oral preparatory phase

what is a key difference in infant anatomy that supports safe swallowing compared to older children

higher laryngeal position

what condition is most likely to disrupt suck-swallow breathe coordination in a premature infant?

nasal congestion

which of the following is a non-instrumental assessment tool used to evalute oral feeding skills in infants

pediatric swallowing assessment scale

what is a common feeding sign in infants with laryngomalacia

stridor during feeding

which of the following reflexes supports nipple finding in newborns

rooting reflex

what is the first step in evaluating pediatric feeding and swallowing difficulties

review medical and developmental history

which of the following contributes to efficient sucking in a newborn

buccal fat pads

in infants, the swalllow is triggered at which anatomical landmark

anterior faucial pillars

an 2 month old infant is bottle fed and takes over 45 mintues to finish feeds. what is the best recommendation

refer for feeding and swallowing assessment

the oral preparatory phase in infants includes only voluntary movements

False

the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in infants is completely under voluntary control

false

a hyperactive gag reflex in toddlers is always a normal developmental finding

false

drooling beyond 24 months may suggest oral motor immaturity or dysfuction

true

coughing while drinking from a bottle in an infant can be a sign of aspiration

true

silent aspiration is difficult to detect without instrumental assessment

true

poor coordination of suck-swallow-breathe is frequently seen in premature infants

true

a tongue thrust reflex persisting past infancy may affect later speech and feeding development

true

parental feeding practices and mealtime routines are not relevant to pediatric dysphagia assessment

false

feeding and swallowing difficulties in infants can affect growth, hydration, and quality of life

true

rooting reflex

helps infant locate the nipple

suck reflex

draws liquid into the mouth

gag reflex

prevents entry of material into the throat

swallow reflex

transfers bolus from the oral cavity

oral motor assessment scale

evaluates oral movements during feeding

Pediatric eating assessment tool

screens for feeding and swallowing difficulties

mealtime behavioral questionnaire

captures behavior during meals

fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of swallowing

Visualizes pharyngeal and laryngeal function

Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)

Chewing and jaw stability

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

Lip closure and facial movement

Cranial Nerve IX (glossopharyngeal)

gag reflex and taste

Cranial Nerve XII (hypoglossal)

tongue movement strength

Velum

Seals nasopharynx

Larynx

protects the airway during swallowing

Tongue

directs bolus and supports suction

Buccal fat pads

provides cheek stability during feeding

cerebal palsy

poor oral tone and limited control

prematurity

poor coordination of suck swallow breathe

down syndrome

large tongue, hypotonia

autism spectrum disorder

sensory based food aversions

wet voacl quality

penetration or aspiration

coughing during feeding

post swallow residue

arching and crying

gastroesophageal reflux

Nasal Regurgitation

Velopharyngeal Dysfunction

begins purees

4-6 months

transitions to solids

6-9 months

drinks from an open cup

9-12 months

uses spoon independently

12 - 18 months

rooting reflex

3 - 6 months

suck reflex

6-9 months

phasic bite reflex

4-6 months

transverse tongue reflex

9-12 months

Holding food in mouth

Oral-motor delay

Gagging without oral input

Hypersensitivity or reflux

Refusing to sit at table

Sensory based feeding aversion

infant arches during bottle

Reflux Evaluation

Child refuses all meats

behavioral feeding screen

Gulping sounds during bottle

Instrumental assessment referral

Toddler feeds longer than 45 minutes

Oral phase evaluation

side lying bottle feeding

reduce fatigue

External pacing

improve coordination

flavored boluses

increase oral sensory input

slow flow nipples

flow regulation

provide food chaining chart

Encourage variety

teach paced feeding

improve coordination

demonstrate oral massage

Strengthen oral patterns

video record mealtime

support home carryover

what feeding strategy is commonly used for preterm infants to help organize sucking patterns

Non-nutritive sucking

which of the following is potential benefit of using side lying feeding position in infants

reduces fatigue and improves coordination

which of the following describes a treatment strategy commonly used with infants with gastroesophageal reflux?

using upright feeding posture

what intervention is most appropriate for an infant with poor lip closure during feeding

lip strengthening exercises

what is the most appropriate technique for improving bolus propulsion in children with weak tongue muscles

tongue resistance exercises

what primary purpose of non nutritive sucking

facilitate oral motor development and readiness to feed

which of the following is true about infant drive feeding programs

they support feeding to promote safety and comfort

which of the following would be part of an oral stimulation program for a child reduced oral tone

pressure brushing and jaw tapping

what is a common modification for a child with a delayed swallowing initiation

introducing sour bolus stimuli

what is a key characteristic of food chaining

gradually introducing new foods on accepted preferences

what is the rationale for using thickened liquids in pediatric dysphagia management

the slow bolus flow and reduce aspiration risk

what best describes the purpose of a spoon placement technique in oral motor feeding therapy

to improve bolus control and lip closure

which team member is most responsible for positioning and adaptive equipment during pediatric mealtimes

Occupational therapist

what treatment approach emphasizes behavioral reinforcement during pediatric feeding therapy

the sequential oral sensory (SOS) approach

which technique ia used to increase swallow initiation sensory input

thermal tactile stimulation

which would be an appropriate intervention for a toddler w/food refusal and tantrums at meals

providing distraction free mealtime environment

which feeding posture is recommended for an infant w/laryngeal penetration on thin liquids

side-lying

children w/down syndrome may benefit from thickened liquids due to hypotonia

true

A child’s sensory processing profile should be considered in feeding treatment planning

true

Children with autism spectrum disorder often benefit from rigid mealtime routines only

False

Oral aversion can be addressed using graded exposure to sensory input

True

Children with cleft palate may need special bottle systems and positioning

True

It is appropriate to work on feeding skills even if a child is currently tube-fed

true

External pacing may support infants who cannot coordinate sucking and breathing

true

Multisensory approaches may help children expand food acceptance

true

Parent training is essential to successful pediatric feeding intervention

true

side lying feeding position

improves coordination in infants with fatigue

External pacing

supports swallow breathe coordination

thickened liquids

slows bolus flow and improves airway protection