The Cosmic Perspective Chapter 10 - Lecture 19

What wavelengths of light affect which layer of the atmosphere

Infrared affects troposphere

Ultraviolet affects stratosphere

X rays affects thermosphere

Which planet has the strongest greenhouse effect

Venus

Earth's Atmosphere is mainly composed of

Nitrogen

Mar's Atmosphere is mainly composed of

Carbon Dioxide

The spectrum only depends on the

temperature

Thermal Emission can only appear

wherever the temperature say that must happen. Can be from infrared to ultraviolet

If the planet gets hotter

Thermal emission of infrared gets brighter, increases temperature, and shifts peaks to the left

Energy of ultra violet increases significantly which emits more photon

If the planet gets cooler

Thermal emission of infrared gets dimmer, decreases temperature, and shifts to the right

Does not affect the ultra violet

How would the spectrum change if the planet is more blue than red?

In the white light, blue paint reflects the blue light

Blue light absorbs the red light.

The Sun gives off mostly

Visible light because we can see the sun

Near on the green and yellow spectrum

Earth absorbs and emits

infrared

thermal emission peaks on surface temperature above 225 Kelvin

Structure of a planet's atmosphere

Controlled by where light of different wavelengths are absorbed.

Light vs matter

light of increasing energy excites or breaks bonds of increasing strength

The greenhouse effect

absorbs, and transmits visible light

Emit/Re-directs Infrared light

THE MAIN REASON OUR PLANET IS WARMER!!!

Major greenhouse gases

Carbon Dioxide

Water

Methane

Two rules for thermal emission

1) When you Heat something or increases temperature, it gets brighter and shifts to the left

2) more photons of higher energy the peak moves shorter wavelengths

Hotter items peak at shorter wavelength

Black Surface

The color that affects visible light

Light of the star/Sun is absorbed and increased temperature that gets hotter

Absence of line when reflect

Absorbed all light

White Surface

Light of the star/Sun is reflected from a white planet with a Combination of all colors.

Reflect/Absorbs Red Light

Reflects/Absorbs blue light

Absorbs/Reflects Green light

A planet's temperature depends on

Distance from the sun

Reflectivity

DOES NOT DEPEND ON SIZE

Which terrestrial world has the most atmosphere?

Venus

which direction do hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere rotate?

clockwise

What is the leading theory for Venus's complete lack of water in any form?

It was broken apart into Hydrogen and Oxygen, which were lost from the atmosphere.

What kind of gas is most affected by thermal escape?

light gases

Which gas is the suspected cause of global warming?

CO2

What causes the release of oxygen gas into Earth's atmosphere?

Life or Photosynthesis

Where is the CO2 that has outgassed from Earth's volcanoes?

Locked up in rocks