Master Study Guide: Social-Emotional Development and Learning Theories

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to social-emotional development and learning theories.

Ecological Systems Theory

A framework that describes the different systems influencing individual development: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

Microsystem

Immediate surroundings affecting an individual such as family, school, peers, and neighborhood.

Authoritative Parenting

A parenting style characterized by clear rules combined with warmth and support.

Secure Attachment

A type of attachment where consistent caregiving leads to the child feeling safe and confident.

Separation Anxiety

Distress experienced by infants when separated from their primary caregiver, commonly observed between 6 months to 3 years.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson’s first psychosocial stage (0-1 year) where infants learn to trust caregivers and their environment.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic experiences occurring before the age of 18, which can lead to various negative outcomes in development.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that involves creating associations between a naturally occurring stimulus and a previously neutral stimulus.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.

Operant Conditioning

A learning principle where behavior is shaped by its consequences, including reinforcement and punishment.

Social Learning Theory

A theory suggesting that people learn behaviors through observing and imitating others, particularly in social contexts.

Learned Helplessness

A phenomenon where an individual feels powerless to change their circumstances due to repeated failures.