APUSH Unit 13 Test

Taft-Hartley Act

Is very anti-union (translate anti-workers)


1. Outlawed closed shop (__business leaders can hire who they want__)
2. __Union leaders must take a non-communist oath__
3. __President can call an 80-day cooling-off period before a strike can start__

* __Truman__ __**loathes**__ __this__

GI Bill

(Servicemen’s Readjustment Act)

* __Financial aid for vets__
* __Tuition help__ for technical, vocation __school, or college__
* __Loans for a new home or to start a business__

Levittown

Growth of __suburbs__

* Gov. __loans for housing__
* __New highways__
* __Housing shortage__ in cities

__**Truman Doctrine**__

* __Communism threatens Turkey and Greece__
* “__The US will support free people resisting attempted subjugation”__
* In other words, the __US will help countries who are resisting communism__ (with military supplies)
* An __example of containment__ in Europe

__**Marshall Plan**__

__**Economic rebuilding**__ plan for __Western Europe to maintain political stability $12.5 billion__

* Named after __Sec. of State George Marshall__

__**NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)**__

__US, Canada, and Western European democracies__

* 1st ever __US peacetime military alliance__
* __**Mutual defense**__ (each __NATO member pledges to support the other members__)
* Was __designed to protect Western Europe from the USSR__
* Warsaw Pact
* Communist countries (Kemlin)

National Security Act

__Preparation for the Cold War__

* __Dept. of Defense__ (Pentagon)
* Joint Chiefs of Staff
* __National Security Council__
* __CIA__

NSC-68

__Preparation for the Cold War__

* Massive __increase in military spending__

__**Executive Order 9981**__

Preparation for the Cold War

* Stated that “__there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard of race, color, religion, or national origin__.”


* __**Armed forces integrated**__
* (Under Truman)

2nd Red Scare

__Fear communists were infiltrating the US gov.__

* Loyalty Review Board (Truman)
* Investigate federal employees

Examples of domestic effects:

* __HUAC__ (House Un-American Activities Committee)
* __Marvel Comics__ (Propaganda)
* __Senator Joseph McCarthy__
* __The Rosenbergs__

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

* __Investigates possible communist activity in the US__
* Nixon gets his start here
* __Hiss Case__

Joseph McCarthy

* __Claims he has a list of communists in the US gov.__
* “We are overrun by communists”
* McCarthy gets national attention
* __Ike tolerates him__
* __Careers ruined__ (Hollywood)
* __Loss of Asian Specialists__
* __Civil Liberties violated__
* __Red Scare ends when McCarthy takes on the US Army__
* Gets censured by the Senate
* Revealed he had no list and no proof

Brown v. Board of Education

* “In the area of public education, segregation has no place.”
* __Public schools must integrate__
* __New educational opportunities for minorities__
* __Overturned Plessy__
* Thurgood Marshall
* Lawyer for B v. B of Ed.
* 1st African-American on the Supreme Court

Montgomery Bus Boycott

* __Busses in Montgomery were segregated__
* __Rosa Parks refused to get up from her seat__
* __MLK Jr__
* __Organizes a year-long boycott of the Montgomery Bus System__
* The Civil Rights movement had gone from legal cases to the masses; new spirit of resistance

Sit-in Movement

* __Greensboro, NC__
* __Peaceful protest of college students at a lunch counter__
* Another __example of Civil disobedience__

__**Truman’s Program**__

__**Fair Deal**__

* __Raise the minimum wage__
* __Better housing__
* __Improve social security__

Korean War

__**1950-1953**__

* After WW2 __Korea is divided into north and south__
* __North- communist and under Soviet control__
* __South__- democracy __aided by the US__
* Without warning, in __1950 North Korea invades South__
* Truman reacts quickly, in accordance with containment, calls for NSC-68, a massive military build-up

Douglas MacArthur

* __Leads the UN Forces__
* __Pushes the North Korean forces back almost to the Chinese border__
* China warns MacArthur but he ignores
* Mac angry and __defeated__
* Wants to go into China
* __Use nuclear weapons__
* __Truman and Joint Chief of Staff say no__
* __Mac publically criticizes policy__
* __Truman dismisses Mac__

Vietnam in the 1950s

* Vietnam had been a __French colony__
* __Fight for independence under leader Ho Chi Minh__
* Vietnamese __communists under Minh defeat the French__
* __Geneva Convention 1955 splits VN into north__ (communist) __and south__ (hold elections)
* Because of the __**Domino Theory**__, the __US puts Diem in charge of the South__
* Unfortunately, __he is corrupt and the VN hates him__

Jack Kerouac

Author of the 1950s

* __On the Road__ (most popular book)
* Lead the __Beat Generation__

__**The Feminine Mystique**__

* By __Betty Friedan__
* __Housewives__ were bored and __wanted more for their lives__
* College, careers

__**U-2 Incident**__

* __US spy plane shot down__
* Gary Francis Powers
* __US denial, cancelation of summit meeting__ (Khrushchev mad)
* Resulted in the __cancellation of the relaxation of tensions between the USSR and the United States__

__**Ike’s Farewell Address**__

__Warns US public about the Military Industrial Complex__

* (Permanent war economy)

Election of 1960

* __GOP- Nixon__, Lodge (VP)
* Nixon: VP., HUAC, fp was with k (Kitchen debate), __Quaker__
* __Dem- JFK__, LBJ (VP)
* JFK: Congress, needs LBJ, __**Catholic**__

\
* __1st televised debates__
* Key
* __JFK wins__
* __Youngest president elected__
* __Dems control Congress__