APUSH Unit 13 Test

Taft-Hartley Act

Is very anti-union (translate anti-workers)

1. Outlawed closed shop (business leaders can hire who they want)

2. Union leaders must take a non-communist oath

3. President can call an 80-day cooling-off period before a strike can start

• Truman loathes this

GI Bill

(Servicemen’s Readjustment Act)

• Financial aid for vets

• Tuition help for technical, vocation school, or college

• Loans for a new home or to start a business

Taft-Hartley Act

Is very anti-union (translate anti-workers)

1. Outlawed closed shop (business leaders can hire who they want)

2. Union leaders must take a non-communist oath

3. President can call an 80-day cooling-off period before a strike can start

• Truman loathes this

GI Bill

(Servicemen’s Readjustment Act)

• Financial aid for vets

• Tuition help for technical, vocation school, or college

• Loans for a new home or to start a business

Levittown

Growth of suburbs

• Gov. loans for housing

• New highways

• Housing shortage in cities

__**Truman Doctrine**__

• Communism threatens Turkey and Greece

• “The US will support free people resisting attempted subjugation”

• In other words, the US will help countries who are resisting communism (with military supplies)

  • An example of containment in Europe

__**Marshall Plan**__

__**Economic rebuilding**__ plan for __Western Europe to maintain political stability $12.5 billion__

* Named after __Sec. of State George Marshall__

__**NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)**__

US, Canada, and Western European democracies

• 1st ever US peacetime military alliance

  • Mutual defense (each NATO member pledges to support the other members)

• Was designed to protect Western Europe from the USSR

  • Warsaw Pact

  • Communist countries (Kemlin)

National Security Act

Preparation for the Cold War

• Dept. of Defense (Pentagon)

  • Joint Chiefs of Staff

• National Security Council

• CIA

NSC-68

__Preparation for the Cold War__

* Massive __increase in military spending__

__**Executive Order 9981**__

Preparation for the Cold War

• Stated that “there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard of race, color, religion, or national origin.”

• Armed forces integrated

• (Under Truman)

2nd Red Scare

Fear communists were infiltrating the US gov.

• Loyalty Review Board (Truman)

  • Investigate federal employees

Examples of domestic effects:

• HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

• Marvel Comics (Propaganda)

• Senator Joseph McCarthy

• The Rosenbergs

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

• Investigates possible communist activity in the US

• Nixon gets his start here

• Hiss Case

Joseph McCarthy

• Claims he has a list of communists in the US gov.

  • “We are overrun by communists”

• McCarthy gets national attention

  • Ike tolerates him

  • Careers ruined (Hollywood)

  • Loss of Asian Specialists

  • Civil Liberties violated

• Red Scare ends when McCarthy takes on the US Army

  • Gets censured by the Senate

  • Revealed he had no list and no proof

Brown v. Board of Education

• “In the area of public education, segregation has no place.”

  • Public schools must integrate

  • New educational opportunities for minorities

  • Overturned Plessy

• Thurgood Marshall

  • Lawyer for B v. B of Ed.

  • 1st African-American on the Supreme Court

Montgomery Bus Boycott

• Busses in Montgomery were segregated

  • Rosa Parks refused to get up from her seat

• MLK Jr

  • Organizes a year-long boycott of the Montgomery Bus System

  • The Civil Rights movement had gone from legal cases to the masses; new spirit of resistance

Sit-in Movement

• Greensboro, NC

• Peaceful protest of college students at a lunch counter

• Another example of Civil disobedience

__**Truman’s Program**__

Fair Deal

• Raise the minimum wage

• Better housing

• Improve social security

Korean War

1950-1953

• After WW2 Korea is divided into north and south

  • North- communist and under Soviet control

  • South- democracy aided by the US

• Without warning, in 1950 North Korea invades South

  • Truman reacts quickly, in accordance with containment, calls for NSC-68, a massive military build-up

Douglas MacArthur

• Leads the UN Forces

  • Pushes the North Korean forces back almost to the Chinese border

• China warns MacArthur but he ignores

• Mac angry and defeated

  • Wants to go into China

  • Use nuclear weapons

    • Truman and Joint Chief of Staff say no

• Mac publically criticizes policy

  • Truman dismisses Mac

Vietnam in the 1950s

• Vietnam had been a French colony

  • Fight for independence under leader Ho Chi Minh

• Vietnamese communists under Minh defeat the French

• Geneva Convention 1955 splits VN into north (communist) and south (hold elections)

• Because of the Domino Theory, the US puts Diem in charge of the South

  • Unfortunately, he is corrupt and the VN hates him

Jack Kerouac

Author of the 1950s

• On the Road (most popular book)

• Lead the Beat Generation

__**The Feminine Mystique**__

• By Betty Friedan

• Housewives were bored and wanted more for their lives

  • College, careers

__**U-2 Incident**__

• US spy plane shot down

• Gary Francis Powers

• US denial, cancelation of summit meeting (Khrushchev mad)

• Resulted in the cancellation of the relaxation of tensions between the USSR and the United States

__**Ike’s Farewell Address**__

__Warns US public about the Military Industrial Complex__

* (Permanent war economy)

Election of 1960

• GOP- Nixon, Lodge (VP)

  • Nixon: VP., HUAC, fp was with k (Kitchen debate), Quaker

• Dem- JFK, LBJ (VP)

  • JFK: Congress, needs LBJ, Catholic

• 1st televised debates

• Key

• JFK wins

  • Youngest president elected

  • Dems control Congress