Organized crime final exam

What are Secondary Organizations?

• Operate like subsidiaries of core organizations

What are the three types of organizations?

• Core organizations.

• Secondary organizations.

• Local organizations.

What is THE UNODC?

• United nations office on drugs and crime.

What is Colombia known for in terms of Cocaine?

• Record high in global coca bush cultivation.

Which country has the majority of global coca bush cultivation area

• Colombia with 230,000 ha (65%).

Which country is 2nd in global coca bush cultivation?

• Peru.

Which Country saw a record high in 2022 in terms of cocaine?

• Bolivia with 2,757 tons

What is the Andean region?

• South america.

Where does the majority of cocaine seizures happen?

• in both North and South America.

Which americas has the most amount of cocaine seized?

• South America with 1196.97 tons of cocaine.

Where do morst seizures occur?

• Occur at sea.

What did the UNODC describe heroin as?

• Arguably the world’s most problematic drug.

What was the decrease under opium poppy cultivation?

• 70% from 2022 to 2023.

Where did the most Illegal opium production occur?

• In Myammar.

was the Global production of heroin on a upward or downward trend?

• Long upward trend.

From 1,990 tons of opium how much was processed into heroin?

• 192-196 tons were processed into heroin.

Which country had the vast majority of all opium seized?

• Afghanistan.

which route saw an increase in opiate trafficking?

• Southern route.

What is the Balkan route?

• Single largest heroin trafficking route in the world.

What are the largest and most sophisticated motorcycle gangs?

• Hells angels.

• Outlaws.

• Pagans.

• Banditos.

What did Donad Cressey make note of?

• Necessary three positions:

• Corrupter: function is to establish relationships with public officials, and other influential persons whose assistance is necessary to achieve the organization’s goals.

• Corruptee: Being corrupted.

• Enforcer: Maintain organizational integrity by arranging for the maiming or killing of recalcitrant members.

What is the role of the Secretary Treasurer?

• Best writing skills.

• Pay bills of chapter.

• Accounting.

• Chapter minutes.

• Collects dues/fines.

What is the Road captain also referred to as?

• Also referrers to as the “logistician”/security chief.

What are Associate/Honorary Members?

• Have proven their worth.

• Professionals within the community.

• Other criminals.

• Eg. Layers, bail bonds people, motorcycle shop owners.

What is the largest source of income for outlaw motorcycle gangs?

• Drug trafficking.

How are the hell angers structured?

• Bureaucratically structured; chain of command.

What are three journalistic concerns in Organized crime?

• Superficiality.

• Sensationalism.

• Creating reality.

What did the UN security Council Resolution (1373) on counter-terrorism note?

• Close connection between Terrorism and Transnational organized crime.

What similarities do Organized crime and terrorism share?

• Significant structural similarities.

Is organized crime Conservative or liberal?

• It is inherently conservative.

What does Crime-terror nexus mean?

• The relationship between organization crime and terrorism.

What is the most commonly cited area for alliance?

• The international drug trade.

What are the problems with alliances?

• Distrust.

• Groups have different properties.

• Groups have different strategies.

• Concerned with new competition.

What is the most common criminal involvement?

• The illicit drug trade for terror groups.

When is threat the largest in the Entire Continuum?

• it’s convergence point.

What is the most extreme point on the continuum?

• The black hole.

What does FINTRAC stand for?

• Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada.

Is there a monetary threshold for reporting a suspicious transaction through FINTRAC?

• There is no monetary threshold assoicated with the reporting of a suspicious transaction.

What is the ICCWC?

• International consortium on combating wildlife crimes

When did poaching of elepants’s and rhinoceros decrease?

• In 2011 and 2015

What parts of Rhinos and elephants were sought after?

• Tusks and Horns,

What was the new market for poaching learned about in class?

• European glass eels also known as baby eels.

Is there any legal markets for Rhino horns in the world?

• No there is not.

What did the wildlife trafficking report focus on?

• Rosewood.

• Ivory and Rhino horn.

• Big cats.

• Pangolins.

• Reptile pets.

• European eel.

In the European eel case study in class, how many people were arrested and where?

• 29 people were arrested in Spain and 20 people were arrested elsewhere.

What was the size of the seizure of European eels in weight and value?

• 180 kg with a value of 270,000.

What has resulted from covid restrictions being eased in the European eel case study?

• Eel smuggling has risen since covid flight restrictions were eased.

How do organizations illegally export the glass eels?

• Hidden in hand luggage using special cases that contain bags injected with oxygen

• What was a significant case of human labour trafficking in czech republic?

• The tree workers case.

What kind of relationship do Organized crime and public officials have?

• They have a symbiotic relationship.

Is Diplomatic immunity only for members of government/heads of state?

• no, it is not only for members of government or heads of state.

What is the difference between Privileges and Immunity?

• Privileges: pertains to the right to commit certain activities and engage in relationships that others are not entitled to.

• Immunity: Exemption from local jurisdiction.

When were Immunity and privileges enshrined?

• 1961: Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations

How are public officals treated when caught by law enforcement?

• The treatment is overly generous.

How are Diplomatic agents victims of organized crime? give an example

• Exploitation by organized crime groups. eg. Using Counterfeit diplomatic bags, it can’t be opened and a criminal can use for smuggling.

What is an example of Reciprocity?

• Prohibition era in Philadelphia: liquor syndicates- Union national bank.

What is the Quebec Corruption inquiry?

• Commission of inquiry into the Tendering and Management of Public Contracts in the Construction Industry

What were three key parts of the Montreal Gazette Mandate?

1. Examine the awarding of public construction contracts by a wide variety of public and para-public entities in Quebec during the last 15 years.

2. Identify the specific techniques used by organized crime groups (including biker gangs) to infiltrate the province’s construction industry.

3. Find routes toward solution: Not in the mandate- arrest and charge individuals.

What were some recommendations from the Quebec Corruption inquiry?

• Creating an independent authority to oversee public contracts.

• Better protection for whistleblowers.

• The requirement that construction companies report acts of intimidation or violence.

• Increased penalties for construction companies that break the law, including canceling their license under Quebec’s building authority, la Regie du Batiment du Quebec.

• Increased penalties for people who make use of so-called strawman schemes.

What is one of the distinctions of intelligence vs. criminal investigations?

• Proactive (intelligence investigations) Reactive (criminal investigations).

Who cooprates with intelligence operations?

• Bank executives in the upper world

What did the prof end the final class with

• A comment.

What was the documentry wtached in class?

• Documentary: cop and the criminal: the whitey bulger story