03_Birth_of_national_film_industries_from_the_beginning_of_the_20th_century_to_WWI

What significant change occurred in cinema between 1905 and 1912?

Cinema became a regular form of entertainment with the introduction of nickelodeons and narrative movies.

What were nickelodeons?

Nickelodeons were early movie theaters that charged a nickel for admission and showed short films, typically lasting 15 to 60 minutes.

What was the economic advantage of nickelodeons?

Nickelodeons were not seasonal, more economical, offered varied schedules, and had low expenses.

What was the impact of the term 'feature film' during the 1910s?

It was associated with longer movies, often epic or historical, and allowed for increased ticket prices in Europe.

When did movies start to include credits?

Movies began to include credits only after 1914.

Who were notable figures that began their careers managing nickelodeons?

Carl Laemmle, Louis B. Mayer, Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew.

What did Pathé do in 1905?

Pathé had 3 studios and began to rent movies to other cinema theaters instead of selling them.

What characterized the films produced by Pathé in the early years?

Pathé produced various genres including documentaries, historical movies, tricky movies, dramas, and variety shows.

How did Gaumont's production change after Alice Guy left the company?

Gaumont continued production and innovation under its leading directors Léonce Perret and Louis Feuillade.

What was the significance of independent companies in the American cinema during the early 1900s?

Independent companies emerged as a counter to the monopolistic practices of larger companies, like Edison Company.

What was the Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC)?

An agreement among film companies to control the production and projection of films in the U.S. and restrict access to certain patents.

What was a major outcome of WWI on the cinema industry?

American cinema gained prominence as European countries like France and Italy weakened.

What were some key developments in film production techniques in the early 20th century?

Directors began utilizing editing, framing, facial expressions, angles, and lighting to enhance storytelling.

What was the role of color in early film?

Color was added post-production using imbibition and toning techniques to convey emotions.

What did the growth of cinema theaters in Italy signify by 1910?

Italy became the second country in Europe for the number of films exported and produced historical epics.

Who is credited with the emergence of the Hollywood studio system?

Carl Laemmle, who founded Universal Film Manufacturing Company and played a major role in its development.

What was the primary focus of Griffith's filmmaking style?

Griffith focused on long narrative films that portrayed psychological development and utilized innovative editing techniques.

What did the term 'oligopoly' refer to in the American film industry context?

The dominance of a few companies that controlled the majority of production and distribution in the film industry.