Science Methodology and Statistics Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts related to scientific methodology, measurement, and statistical analysis important for your exam.

Significant Figures

Digits in a number that contribute to its precision, indicating how many digits should be considered in a measurement.

Percent Error

A calculation that measures how inaccurate a measurement is, expressed as a percentage.

Average (Mean)

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.

Standard Deviation (SD)

A measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.

Random Control Study

A study where participants are randomly assigned to different groups to assess the effect of a treatment or intervention.

Placebo

A substance with no therapeutic effect used as a control in testing new drugs.

Cohort Study

Observational studies that follow a group of people over time to determine how certain exposures affect outcomes.

Cross-Sectional Study

A study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time to examine relationships between variables.

Rules for Rounding Numbers

Guidelines used in science to round numbers to the correct number of significant figures.

Error Bars

Graphical representations of the variability of data, indicating the potential error in measurement.