ap lang terms

context

shapes writing - broader context includes ongoing convos on the subject of the message

exigence

a case or situation that demands prompt action/remedy → prompts writer to address situation (like cause & effect relationship)

purpose

what the writer wants to happen as a result of the text (influence, inform, call to action, etc.)

rhetorical situation

includes exigence, purpose, context, audience, writer, and message

parts of context

time, place, occasion

characteristics of audience

values, needs, beliefs (shared/individual), background

goals of intro

engage, orient, focus

intro strategies

quotes, intriguing statements, anecdotes, stats/data, contextualized info, scenarios

goals of conclusion (9)

unify, call to action, propose solution, make connections, situate argument with broader context, connect to intro, leave compelling image, summarize argument, suggest change in behavior/attitude

appeals/modes of persuasion

ethos (credibility)

pathos (emotion)

logos (logic)

types of comparisons (5)

simile (uses like/as)

metaphor (direct comparison of unlike things)

analogy (relates unfamiliar to familiar

anecdote (story)

allusion (brief/indirect reference to history, pop culture, etc.)

types of audience

unique → specific and identifiable group who are the primary target of a text

dynamic → changes or is influenced by various factors (message, context, interaction b/w writer and audience)