psych 11

personality consists of a person’s unique and relatively stable _________________

patterns.

behavior

Hereditary aspects of personality including sensitivity, activity levels, mood,

irritability and adaptability are known as what?

temperament

A style of personality defined by a group of related traits is known as what?

personality type

Individuals who are shy, egocentric and whose attention is focused more

inward are known as what personality type?

introverts

Individuals who are more bold, outgoing and tend to direct their attention

more outwardly are knows as what personality type?

extroverts

Define self concept as it was given in lecture.

refers to all of your ideas, perceptions and feelings

about who you are…it’s our own

subjective perception of our own personality traits

This term refers to how we regard ourselves.

self-esteem

What are 3 out of the 5 traits proposed by Catell & Allport?

Common traits, Individual traits, Cardinal traits, Central traits, and Secondary traits

What is the most widely used personality test given today to assess an

individual?

The Big 5

Traits which define a person’s unique personal qualities are known as

what type of traits? Provide an example of this term.

Individual traits, ex type of dog then narrow down to traits

These traits are fairly rare in individuals. What is an example of this

trait?

Cardinal traits, ex so basic that all activities relate to it

These traits are core traits that characterize an individuals

personality. Provide an example of this trait. (abe)

Central traits, ex basic building blocks of a personality (intelligent, optimistic)

What key figure came up with the terms “introvert” and “extrovert?”

Carl Jung

This system of Freud’s personality is logical and uses judgment to

suspend the “pleasure principle.”

the ID

What are personality traits?

refer to stable

qualities that a person shows in

many situations

True or False: You only need to do one personality test to gain an

accurate measure of an individual.

false

Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated is known

as what?

character

Freud proposed his own theory on personality that consisted of 3

systems. What are those three systems? Briefly describe each.

ID, ego, superego

Which theorist believes that at the core of our personality is basic

anxiety, which is a result of a lack of love in childhood and leads to insecurity

in our lives.

Karen Horney

This system of Freud’s personality is dominated by the “Pleasure

principle.

the ID

Characteristics shared by most members of a culture are known as

what type of traits? Provide an example of this term

common traits, ex In America,

competitiveness is a common trait,

especially in the business world

Which of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development is the most

controversial

the phallic stage

This system of Freud’s personality acts as a judge or censor for our

thoughts and acts as the conscious portion of our personality.

The superego

Be familiar with Freud’s defense mechanisms.

the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously

distorting reality denial, repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, intellectualization, identification with the aggressor, and sublimination

Which theorist stated that we struggle to overcome our imperfections

thus leading us to an upward drive for competence and mastery of our

shortcomings?

Alfred Adler

What are two types of projective tests?

Rorschach inkblot test and Thematic appreciation test

Carl Rogers coined a term that refers to our ability to accept all

individuals with love and approval (being non judgmental), what is that term

known as?

unconditional positive regard

What are the 3 concepts to the structure of our personality according

to Julian Rotter? (just list them, no explanation needed)

Self reinforcement, External and internal locus of control, and Learned Helplessness

Which theorist proposes that self efficacy (a belief in your ability to

produce a desired result) is key in shaping our personalities?

Bandura

Social/Cognitive learning theorists emphasize “external and internal

locus of control” Explain each.

external- individuals perception that outside forces determine fate

internal- perception we control our own destiny

Which theoretical perspective focuses on human experience,

problems, potentials and emphasizes free will as key components to our

personality development?

Humanistic

Freud proposed 5 stages of psychosexual stages of development. What

are those stages in order from first to last? {be able to recognize

characteristics of each stage if asked)

oral- first years, pleasure from mouth

anal- 1-3 potty training

phallic- 3-6 sexual interest in parent of opposite sex

latency- 6-puberty (on hold)

genital- sexual energies reappear

Which theorist emphasized that we as individuals have the capacity

for inner peace and happiness (A.K.A. the fully functioning person)

Carl Rogers

Traits that are less consistent or superficial are known as what type of

traits? Provide your own example of this trait.

Secondary traits ex being vegan, political opinions, music taste

What are Trait theorists interested in?

learning what traits make up a

personality and how they relate to an

individuals actual behavior

Abraham Maslow proposed a theory of personality that was

comprised of 3 major components. List those 3 components;

self actualization, completion, goodness, and truth

What are 4 methods psychologists use to measure and study

personality

behavioral observation, interviewing, projective tests, and questionaires

Which method of measuring and studying personality is considered

the most direct and objective method, but is difficult to accomplish because it

is often reported subjectively.

behavioral observation

What are the 5 factors within the 5 factor model that are universal

dimensions of personality

extraversion/introversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neurotic, openness to experience