Victorian Era

In the 19th century, there were clear ______ roles in the Industrial Industry

gender

What were the living conditions of the working class?

poor

What were some if the working conditions for the middle class?

crowded housing

what area had the poorest living conditions?

urban areas

people were educated differently based on what?

sex, financial circumstances, social class, and religion

higher education was offered to whom?

middle and upper class

a normal school day was from when to when?

9:00 AM - 12:30 PM, 2:00 PM - 4:30 PM (lunch at home)

how many years did kids have to go to school?

10 years

who lived in a typical household during the 19th century?

related people except for servants

at what age were children sent from India or other parts of the empire to foster parents or ___ ____?

5/6, boarding schools

one problem/struggle children went through growing up

separation from adults/parents

how were children viewed according to Charles Dickens?

innocent, spontaneous, appealing, and naturally good

what does the term “Angel of the House” mean?

Angel of the house was the “ideal” woman who cleaned, cooked, and took care of children in the house. She was pure and “angelic.

what is a woman’s destiny?

marriage

what was the goal of a woman’s household?

to cook and clean for their family, to take care of their husband the ideal environment for her husband and son, so that they would not want to leave her. 

what are two key elements of being a gentleman?

good manners and education

what is an example of an action that could lose a man his respect?

affairs or sex with people outside of marriage

could women pursue education past high school in the Victorian Era?

no

who did mona caird say that she “belongs” to?

husband

was marriage thought to satisfy a woman’s “instinctual needs”?

yes

according to Andrew Kersten, what did marriage define for a woman?

their entire future, reputation and safety

did charles dickens defy or reinforce traditional gender roles?

REINFORCE

which act allowed women the right to control their own income?

the married woman’s property act

which location became a well known work-spot for women during the industrial revolution?

lowell mills

where was charles dickens’ father sent?

Marshalsea in debtors’ prison

how did dickens start his career?

as a journalist

what was dickens’s code name?

boz

which two of charles dickens’ famous novels are fictionalized, but based on his own experiences?

David Copperfield and Great Expectations

what is the name of the technique that charles dickens used to publish his novels?

serialized publication

what character in David Copperfield did dickens base on his father?

Mr. Micawber

what ae social issues that dickens writes about?

child labor, poverty, education, and the legal system

what job did dickens do as a child that showed him child labor

polish worker

why did dickens’s schooling stop for a while?

his dad was in debtors’ prison

what issues did charles dickens write about that other authors avoided?

poverty, the ill, hard workers, racial inequality, people who were NOT considered gentlemen

what is a debtor’s prison?

people who had debt/were in debt

conditions in a debtor’s prison

generally nice, treatment depended on wealth

two reasons why almost anyone could be put in a debtor’s prison

nearly every victorian had debt, people could be in prison for small amounts in 1827

conditions of prison life in victorian england (separate from a debtor’s prison)

no single cells, large rooms, people stayed together, required labor, strict, punishments, difficult to communicate with people outside of prison

was prison life harsh? why?

yes, people were often beat, handcuffed, or put in stray jackets

charles dickens wrote what abt prison life?

rooms were full and hot, lonely, uncomfortable, all classes were represented

bridewells/jails/juvenile prisons/penitentaries

holding court for minor crimes/awaiting trial/young convicts/charities run by women and voluntary, included prostitues and young pregnant, unmarried women

popular crimes

theft, stealing, poaching, kidnapping kids and stealing their clothes

how did juvenile sentences change

beginning: children 7+ were sentenced like adults and could face execution

end: more reformatory measures, judges had more freedoms and treated children better

how were prisoners treated in victorian prisons?

did hard labor and faced punishments; HARSHLY

debtors prison vs usual long term prisons in victorian england

nicer, allowed visitors, could do hobbies, debt vs crimes