A&P - unit 3 HW questions

chapters 8,9,10 homework questions and their answers

which term refers to a place where two or more bones come together?

articulation 

a joint has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a _____ joint. 

fibrous 

cartilaginous joints

unite two bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints

are enclosed by a joint capsule

synovial fluid

decreases friction between bones

articular cartilage

covers the ends of bones in synovial joints

the function of a bursa is to

provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction

articular cartilage provides

a smooth surface where bones meet

the joint capsule is a

double layer of tissue that encloses a joint

bowing the head is an example of _______

flexion

rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called _____

pronation

rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called _____

supination

bending your elbow decreases the angle at the joint is _____

flexion

which of the following pairs of terms are opposite? 

1. abduction - extension

2. inversion - retraction

3. plantar flexion - dorsiflexion

4. pronation - rotation

5. elevation - protraction

plantar flexion - dorsiflexion 

the opposite of depression is _____

elevation

the opposite of supination is ______

pronation

the opposite of extension is ______

flexion

what does structure “B” represent on the diagram? 

articular cartilage 

joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ___ joints.

cartilaginous

while standing, looking up at the stars requires _______

hyperextension of the neck

the capacity of a muscle cell to shorten forcefully is known as 

contractility 

skeletal muscle fibers

possess striations

epimysium

surrounds individual muscles

myosin is also known as the

thick myofilament

which of the following is composed of myosin molecules?

1. thick myofilaments 

2. I bands 

3. Z disks 

4. sarcolemma 

5. tropomyosin 

thick myofilaments 

the active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

actin myofilaments

a sarcomere extends from

one z disk to an adjacent z disk

which of the following is mismatched?

1. I band - contains only actin

2. M line - middle of the H zone 

3. Z disk - structure between adjacent sarcomeres 

4. myosin filament - thin myofilaments 

5. actin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 

myosin myofilaments - thin myofilaments 

a sarcomere is the

structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle fiber

the sarcolemma is the

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

channels that open or close in respect to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane are called 

voltage-gated ions channels 

depolarization of the plasma membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of

sodium ions (Na+)

synaptic vessels in the neuromuscular junction contain

acetylcholine

t tubules

conduct action potentials deeps into the muscle fiber

the sarcoplasmic reticulum

stores Ca2+

a sustained muscle contraction is known as ____

tetanus

what is the power stroke? 

the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 

what does “A” represent on the diagram? 

actin myofilament

what does “B” represent on the diagram?

myosin myofilament

what does “C” represent on the diagram?

cross-bridge

what does “D” represent on the diagram?

z disk

what does “E” represent on the diagram?

sarcomere

the figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction, what does “B” represent?

synaptic vesicles

the figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction, what does “D” represent?

synaptic cleft

the origin is 

the stationary end of the muscle 

the prime mover is

the muscle that does most of the movement

an antagonist is

a muscle working in opposition to another muscle

when a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the more moveable end of attachment of the muscle is called its ______

insertion 

circular

parallel

convergent 

pennate 

trapezius

pectoralis major 

external abdominal oblique 

sternocleidomastoid 

serratus anterior

rectus abdominis 

flexors of the wrist and fingers

tensor fasciae latae 

vastus lateralis 

rectus femoris 

splenius capitis

trapezius 

deltoid

latissimus dorsi

gluteus maximus

adductor magnus 

iliotibial tract 

gracilis

gastrocnemius 

soleus

the brachioradialis is named for its ______

origin and insertion

of the following muscles of the head, which one wraps around the orbits?

1. nasalis 

2. obticularis oris 

3. masseter 

4. orbicularis oculi 

5. temporalis 

orbicularis oculi 

when an intramuscular injection is given in the anterior aspect of the thigh, injection is in the _____

rectus femoris

pectoralis major

named for location and size

gluteus minimus

named for location and size

triceps brachii

named for location and number of heads

rectus femoris

named for orientation of fasciculi and location

the fixed end of a muscle

origin

the mobile end of a muscle

insertion

a muscle that accomplishes a certain movement 

agonist 

a muscle that opposes a muscle that accomplishes a certain movement 

antagonist 

members of a group of muscles working together to produce a movement

synergist

muscles that hold one bone in a place relative to the body while a usually more

fixator

one muscle of a group working together that plays the major role in accomplishing the movement

prime mover