Disinformation and Fake News Studies

A set of flashcards that cover key concepts from the Disinformation Studies module, aimed at reinforcing understanding of fake news, misinformation, propaganda, and historical contexts.

Should we become angry at people who believe in fake news? Why?

No, they are just victims of disinformation designed by the chief architects of fake news.

How do the chief architects of fake news exist?

They are funded by ABM and rely on disinformation and influenced information.

What is fake news commonly used for?

Political interest.

What method did Spanish colonizers use regarding fake news?

They used propaganda and religious texts to control and manipulate public perception.

What is the difference between misinformation and disinformation?

Misinformation is the inadvertent sharing of fake news, while disinformation is deliberate.

What are some examples of fake news?

News satire, manipulation, news parody, advertising, fabrication, and propaganda.

What is satire?

Satire uses humor or exaggeration of news updates to entertain the audience.

What is parody?

Parody humorously mimics mainstream news media.

Why is fabricated news produced?

For financial reasons.

What is the meaning and purpose of propaganda?

Propaganda is news created by a political entity to influence public perception for the benefit of a public figure, organization, or government.

How do we describe fake news?

It is based on real news that is twisted or added with fake elements but appears real.

Does fake news remain fake if not perceived as real by the audience?

Yes, it remains a work of fiction regardless of audience belief.

How can we determine if information is real or fake?

By checking the publisher, author, date, and references.

How did Marcos Jr. win the Presidential election in 2022?

By using social media and fake news to manipulate people's perceptions.

What should be our approach to dealing with fake news?

Engage in discourse about it, avoid calling people derogatory names, and target the masterminds behind it.

What strategy did Marcos Jr. use in the 2022 election?

He involved elite family allies, political machineries, engaged voter blocs, and made disinformation campaigns.

How do trolls influence public opinion?

Through fear, misinformation, and vitriolic trolling.

What are the effects of contemporary trolling?

It hijacks the quality of democratic conversations and creates moral panic.

How do Posetti and Matthews describe the world of computational propaganda?

As having state-sponsored sock-puppet networks, troll armies, and technology that mimics legitimate news.

How does propaganda play a crucial part in recruitment during WWI?

It appealed to nationalism and patriotism using rhetorical persuasion.

What was the U.S. propaganda campaign during the Vietnam War?

The 'Optimism Campaign' which employed the Domino Theory to suppress opposition.

What occurred during the 30th September Movement in Indonesia in 1965?

General Suharto took de facto control after a coup attempt was blamed on communists, leading to mass executions.

What scandal involved Cambridge Analytica in 2018?

It exploited Facebook data for targeted political messaging and manipulating voter opinions in elections.

Why did President Duterte approve Marcos Sr.'s burial in the LNMB?

Because he viewed him as a Filipino soldier.

What findings did the NHCTP make about why FEM should not be buried at LNMB?

FEM lied about military honors and his guerrilla unit was never officially recognized.

How do you describe FEM’s military record?

It is full of myths, factual inconsistencies, and lies.

Why undertake the study of FEM’s military record?

To resolve historical controversies as part of the NHCP's mandate.

What is the rule of the AFP regarding burial at LNMB?

It prohibits burial for those dishonorably separated or convicted of moral turpitude.

Was being a President in the PH enough for burial at LNMB?

No, several former Presidents are not buried there.

What is 'Ang Mga Maharlika'?

A guerrilla unit claimed by FEM that was never recognized by the U.S. government.