I&D 08: Gender bias (a) A01

Explain what is meant by the term 'universality' (2)

* Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all

* ...despite differences of experience and upbringing.

Explain what is meant by the term gender bias (2)

* Psychological theories/studies do not represent...

* .. the experiences and behaviours of one gender (usually girls/women).

Explain what is meant by the term alphas bias (2)

* Psychological research that claims that there are gender differences when there aren't

* Or exaggerates actual gender differences

* A false positive

Explain what is meant by the term beta bias (3)

* Psychological research that minimises/ignores gender differences

* Assuming that findings derived from one gender (usually men) apply to everyone

* A false negative

Explain what is meant by the term androcentrism (2)

* 'Normal' behaviour/experience is equated with men's behaviour/experience

* So women's behaviour/experience is judged as abnormal or deviant or is pathologised.