Nonexperimental & Quasi-Experimental Strategies

Flashcards covering key concepts related to Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies based on the lecture notes.

Nonexperimental Research

Research that does not involve manipulation of independent variables and typically does not minimize threats to internal validity.

Quasi-Experimental Research

Research that attempts to minimize threats to internal validity but does not meet the stringent criteria of true experiments.

Internal Validity

The extent to which a study can establish a causal relationship between variables by controlling for confounding variables.

Manipulation

The process of changing an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The variable that is measured in an experiment to assess the effect of the independent variable.

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment to determine its effect on the dependent variable.

Nonequivalent Groups Design

A research design in which groups are compared but are not created through random assignment.

Cohort Effects

Differences observed in groups that result from unique circumstances or experiences, rather than age.

Cross-Sectional Design

A developmental research design that compares different age groups at a single point in time.

Longitudinal Design

A developmental research design that assesses the same individuals over a period of time to observe changes.

Post-Test Only Nonequivalent Control Group Design

Compares two nonequivalent groups after one has received treatment, used to assess treatment effects without initial random assignment.

Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design

Compares two nonequivalent groups measured before and after the treatment to control for time-related effects.

Time-Series Design

A design that involves repeated measurement of a group over time to observe effects before and after a treatment.

nonexperimental versus quasi-experimental designs

Nonexperimental designs do not involve manipulation of variables or random assignment, while quasi-experimental designs include treatment assignments but lack full randomization, allowing for some control over variables.