oral histology and embryology exam 1 terms

Fertilization-2.5 weeks

cell proliferation, migration, and some cellular differentiation

patterning

key process in development

patterning

a series of spatial and temporal events

differentiation

process where cells change into subpopulations with specific functions

induction

neighboring cells influence the fate of adjacent cells through signaling.

competent

refers to a cell's ability to respond to inductive signals and differentiate appropriately.

Hox genes

a group of genes that control the body plan and segment identity during embryonic development

growth factors

proteins that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation during development.

paracrine

a form of cell signaling where cells communicate with nearby cells through the release of signaling molecules.

autocrine

signaling where a cell produces signals that bind to receptors on its own surface, influencing its own behavior.

morula

develops 4 days post-fertilization

no growth phase

what is different about the mitosis that occurs during early cell division

cytotrophoblast

C

inner cell mass/embryoblast

D

inner cell mass

which side of the blastocyst is the site of implantation

8 days

when does formation of bilaminar germ disk occur

epiblast

becomes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

hypoblast

becomes the extra embryonic endoderm and secondary yolk sac

sycytiotrophoblast

B) the outer layer of the trophoblast, involved in implantation and nutrient exchange.

13 days

when does prochordal plate formation occur

prochordal plate

vital for heart development, transverse septum and buccopharyngeal membrane

primary blastocoel

(2)

trophoblast

(3)

primary yolk sac

(E)

primitive streak formation

hypoblast cells delaminate from epiblast and secrete fluid into developing blastocoel

gastrulation

the process that forms the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) from the epiblast during embryonic development.

end of week 2

when is the bilaminar disk fully developed

week 3

formation of trilaminar disc establishing longitudinal axis and bilateral symmetry

mesoderm

which primary germ layer is the notochord a part of

end of week 3

when does the neural tube formation begin

morula

what is this structure

blastocyst

what is this structure

amniotic cavity

(X)

week 2

which week of development is this

notochord

(X)

Primitive streak

(X)

prochordal plate

contribute to premandibular condensation of head mesenchyme and heart mesenchyme

primary neurulation

formation of rostral neural tube

neural plate

A thickened region of ectoderm that gives rise to the central nervous system during embryonic development.

week 4

neural tube forms

notochord

signals overlying ectoderm to change into neural plate then into two neural folds

epiboly

A process during embryonic development where cells move to enclose the yolk, contributing to the formation of the germ layers. And the force for the folding of neural folds

neural tube foramation

signals differentiation of lateral mesoderm into paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate mesoderm

neural crest cells

The group of cells that arise from the edges of the neural tube during embryonic development and migrate to form various structures, including peripheral nerves, bons and skull, and facial cartilage.

stomatodeum

what is the arrow pointing to

stomatodeum

space created by the movement of primordial heart posteriorly and the development of the foregut. precursor to the mouth

buccopharynegeal membrane

what is the arrow pointing to

week 4 (25 days)

buccopharyngeal membrane begins to break down allowing the stomatodeum to connect with the foregut.

frist branchial arch

The first of the pharyngeal arches that forms during embryonic development, giving rise to structures such as the maxilla, mandible, and muscles of mastication.

hox genes

what controls regional patterning from the 2nd branchial arch to the caudal region

Msx genes

what controls the developmental pattern in the head

neural crest cells in the head

forms cells leading to dermal bones of skull and face

treacher collins syndrome

caused by lack of neural crest cell migration into facial region

ectoderm

layer of cells that contributes to the development of skin and nervous system.

mesoderm

layer of cells in the embryo that gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

endoderm

layer of cells that forms the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts