Nazi Germany

Depth Topic 3. ​How far did Hitler and the Nazi's change Germany 1933–35? amelias

When was Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany

Jan 1933

rhetoric of the Nazis preached the nazi

Weimar democratic system was weak, anti-German

how many nazi in the first cabinet

3/12

when did Hitler pursue his ideological goals on Germany

1935

who helped hitler come to power? what party was he?

von papen centre party

elections of November 1932, the Nazi vote had declined from

37.27 percent to 33.09 percent

who was hitler helped into power by

conservative junkers

how was the nazi party first seen as

weak and made up the minority of the cabinet

within a short period after gaining power hitler had removed almost all

opposition

what did hitler impose himself as

fuhrer

who did hitler undermine to get political office

conservative forces

 key aspects of this rapid imposition of a dictatorship related to four interlinking factors:

violence; propaganda; Gleichschaltung, and pseudo-legal methods

what did the right wing elites want to do?

 hoped to use Hitler's popularity

to impose a dictatorship, but then remove him

with a conservative, military-style government.

why were the number of nazis in the cabinett significant not

positions

example of nazi who held a key position?

Wilhelm Frick, held the important position of Reich Minister of the Interior

how did goering utilise his position?

 Prussian police force by deputising 50,000 SA, SS and Stahlhelm members as auxiliary police,

Prussian police force formal role?

assisting the regular police to keep law and order in Germany following the Reichstag fire

what essentially legalised these violent organisations and their attacks on Communist and socialist members.

goerings use of the Prussia police force

New laws were also passed in February 1933

banning any newspaper from speaking out against the new government.

 Nazi had control over the large and powerful Prussian police

Herman Goering

what day was the reichstag fire

27th feb 1933

who was ‘responsible' for the reichstag fire

Marinus van der lubbe

hindenberg convinced to trigger

article 48

what protections issued

reichstag fire decrees

members  of the political opposition  were held in custody by April.

25,000

when first concentration camp was opened at and where

20 March/ Dachau

Following the Reichstag fire, Hitler had called elections for

5 March 1933.

Nazis were unable to win a majority of the vote, taking

44 percent

he Nationalist allies of the Nazis won around 

eight percent of the vote

Role of Gleichschaltung in establishing control

  Nazi organisations were set up which workers were encouraged to join.

Gleichschaltung meaning

co-ordination

why did civilians cooperate with the nazis'

fear of repression and fear of communism

as more and more Germans associated with Nazi organisations. thus accentuating

Nazis' control over daily life.

who had control over the German media

Josef goebbels

Press, radio and films were a means by which the Nazis could

disseminate their message to the German  people

despite the repression following the Reichstag fire and the restrictions and violence against political opposition during the election campaign nazis unable to

achieve a majority in the Reichstag.

what stopped the nazis politically?

nazis unable to achieve majority in the reichstag, ended 2/3 majority

variety of methods

 Even with their coalition with the other right-wing nationalist parties, they still only constituted

52 percent of Reichstag seats.

what happened on the 21st of march 1933

day of the national uprising

what was the day of the national uprising do

integrate the Nazis with Hindenberg

hittler appearance at day of national uprising

formal black attire

what did hitler speak about on the day of national uprising

respect for the president

where was the event of the day of the nation uprising shown

cinemas and radio

what did the enabling act allow hitler

allow the power to legislate and enact his own laws

what happened to the communists (KPD) under the enabling act and how many seats did they have?

concentration camps or left the country 81 seats

what happened to the SPD under the enabling act and how many seats did they have?

94/120 intimidated

who spoke out against the enabling act

Otto wells

what happened to Otto wells

drowned out by SA members

what did the center party think about Hitler

strong supporter of Hitler’s dictatorship

enabling act passed by

444 to 94

within four months of the enabling act

political opposition had been abolished

the spd faced ongoing violence and repression during

Kopernick Blood Week

when was Kopernick Blood Week

21-26th June 1933

what happened during Kopernick Blood Week

500 SPD members and anti Naxi political opponents tortured

who were spd members arrested and tortured by

gestapo, ss and sa

Kopernick Blood Week : how many died

23

the centre party was weakened by the

condordat

what was the concordat

agreement between hitler and the pope

what did the concordat outline

respect catholic institutions if they refrained from political activities

when was the concordat signed

20th July 1933

when were the nazis declared the only legal political party

4th July 1933

destruction of trade unions such as the

socialist trade union

how were socialist trade unions crushed

deceit and violence

how may member did the socialist trade union have?

4 mill

1st May 1933

day of national labour - trade unions destroyed and arrested leaders

what happened on the day of national labour

trade unions destroyed and arrested leaders

the German labour front DAF represented what

German industry

trade unions arrested and imprisioned from

jan - July 1933

when was the day established

shortly after raid of 2nd may

what did workers have to accept

new contracts

with the lack of worker representation bosses could

increase hour and freeze wages

in November 1933, the key goal was to

'educate all germans engaged in a life of labour’

who was the leader of the DAF

Robert Ley

what did Robert ley want

workers protection after the destruction of trade unions

in the period after 1936. German industry was focused on

rearmament and prep for war

DAF opposed attempts to

restrict worker wages and make it harder to move job

what was problem to hitler

German federal system

when was the Prussian socialist/centre party coalition government

July 1932

papen hoped in terms of voters

he would gain right wing germans in July 1932 election

who was goering

used to control Prussian police and civil service

how many members was goering in charge of

50,000 SA,SS and Stalhelm members.

what allowed Nazi to take control of the state?

Article 2 of the reichstag fire decree

what did article 2 allow?

take control of state that could not control and order

states that were taken over

Bavaria, baden and hamburg

by when were all regional and local governments under nazi administration?

31 march 1933

what were nazi state governors allowed to do

control region without consulting state parliament

what was the law for reconstruction of the reich

needed all state parliament and abolished the upper house

when was the the law for reconstruction of the reich

30th jan 1934

the law for reconstruction of the reich made the nazis

the only legal party in the reichstag

what did the sa help implement

dictatorship

who led the sa

Ernest rohm

how were the sa known

brown shirts

the sa can be described as

anti capitalist in idelology

sa expected a

greater revolution in the German economic system

what did the military call the sa

violent thugs

what did hitler think about the sa

growing problem

SA wanted to take control of the

military and create a peoples milita

how did hitler limit the influence of the sa in feb 1933

military could only carry weapons

powerful conservatives eg… raised the possibility of a monarch after hindenbergs death

papen