CiCC - Cognition - CBT

CBT

Type of active, goal-oriented, “talking and doing” psychotherapy developed in the 1960s, widely practiced around the world. Recommended to treat depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, etc. It explores how thoughts effect how we behave and teaches coping skills.

What do Cognitive Models suggest about emotional stress?

Suggest that unhelpful thoughts and thinking patterns are an integral part of emotional stress and that cognitive change is central to the change process in effective psychotherapy.

ABC model

Activating event → Belief about the event → Consequences (emotional, behavioural)

What affects emotional stress?

Cognitive models suggest unhelpful thinking and how we behave as a result can all contribute to emotional stress.

What process is necessary to revert unhelpful thinking?

Cognitive Change

Where do (negative) thoughts come from?

Our beliefs, attitudes and schemas all influence our thinking. These come from learnt experience as well as our own unique genetics and personality.

Hot-Cross Bun Model

CBT model involving a cross-section representation of emotions, thoughts, physical feelings and behaviour in response to an event and how they are influenced by past experience.

Cognitive Behavioural Model

Suggests Mental health problems can be understood in terms of unhelpful or unrealistic beliefs, which influence how we make sense of the world, which influences our emotional reactions to events.

Cognitive Vulnerability Model - Beck’s Triad

Depression is characterised by a negative cognitive triad (biased view of oneself). Negative views about:

• Self

• World

• Future.

Thought Records

Used in CBT to help identify patterns of thinking associated with painful emotional experiences.

CBT In Practice

involves collecting and weighing up evidence for unhelpful thoughts and reinterpreting them in a more positive way.

Effectiveness of CBT

DeRubeis et al (2005) - Large amount of evidence for the effectiveness of CBT for depression. There is also evidence for the effectiveness of CBT on other disorders.

Evidence of Long term effects of CBT

Hollon et al - Cognitive therapy made patients less likely to relapse into depression compared to those on alternative treatments.