Chapter 5: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

What are the main components of the skeletal system?

skeletal bones, cartilage, ligaments and connective tissue

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

List the functions of the skeletal system.

Support, storage of calcium and phosphate, blood cell production, leverage for movement, and protection of vital organs.

How does the skeletal system provide protection?

Ribs protect the heart and lungs, the skull protects the brain, vertebrae protect the spinal cord, and pelvic bones protect reproductive organs.

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

Stem cells that form new osteoblasts

What is the role of osteoblasts?

They produce new osteoid matrix and promote hydroxyapatite mineralization.

What do osteocytes do?

What do osteocytes do?

What is the function of osteoclasts?

They dissolve bone for remodeling and mineral release.

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?

The osteon.

What are the components of an osteon?

Central canal, canaliculi, lacunae, concentric lamellae, perforating canals, and interstitial lamellae.

What characterizes spongy bone?

It has an open network of plates called trabeculae and does not contain osteons.

What is the medullary cavity?

The cavity within the bone that contains bone marrow.

What is the periosteum?

The outer surface of the bone that provides protection and a route for blood vessels and nerves.

What is the endosteum?

The inner surface of bone that lines the medullary cavity and consists of osteoprogenitor cells.

What is ossification?

The process where fibrous tissue and cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.

What is intramembranous ossification?

Bone formation from fibrous tissue, seen in the development of the clavicle, mandible, skull, and face.

What is endochondral ossification?

Bone formation from cartilage tissue, seen in the development of limbs, vertebrae, and hips.

What is the epiphyseal plate?

The growth plate where interstitial growth occurs, increasing bone length.

What are the seven categories of bone shapes?

Sutural bones, irregular bones, short bones, pneumatised bones, flat bones, long bones, and sesamoid bones.

What defines long bones?

They are relatively long and slender, with a diaphysis, two metaphyses, and two epiphyses.

What are sesamoid bones?

Small, round, and flat bones that develop inside tendons, commonly found near joints.

What is a condyle?

A smooth rounded articular process on a bone.

What are the types of bone markings?

Projections, depressions, and openings.

What is a fossa?

A shallow depression in a bone.

What is a foramen?

A hole or rounded passageway in a bone.