Mid-Chapter 2 Quiz Study Cards

California IMPACT McGraw Hill Social Studies

merchants

people who make a living by buying and selling goods

navigation

the science of guiding a boat

Age of Exploration technology

includes the astrolabe, compass, stern rudder, printing press, carrack, sextant, and chronometer

claim

to declare that land belongs to one’s country

colony

a territory settled and ruled by people from far away

Marco Polo

an early explorer who traveled the Silk Road

Kublai Khan

ruler of the Mongol Empire who worked with Marco Polo

Christopher Columbus

explorer paid by Spain to “discover” the New World; was very cruel to the Taino

carrack

a type of ship with both triangular and rectangular sails, and a large body to carry lots of people safely across the ocean

compass

a tool with a magnet that points north, used to help navigate

Asia

the continent Columbus tried and failed to reach

Reconquista

violent era where Spain reconquered old lands

Catholicism

main religion of Europe during the age of Exploration

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

Columbus’ 3 ships for his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean

Columbian Exchange

the trading of items, animals, culture, ideas, and more between the Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) and the New World (Americas)

resistance

defense to diseases developed by the immune system

conquests

victories by invading armies, especially that deal with winning land

settlement

town created by people in an area previously uninhabited by that people

empire

a large area in which different groups are controlled by one ruler

Tenochtitlán

the capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco, known for its advanced architecture and complex society

positives of the Columbian Exchange

trade of crops and cattle (animals you can ride), better health for Europeans, new cuisines

negatives of Columbian Exchange

diseases like smallpox and measles; slavery and death

Juan Ponce de León

Spanish explorer known for being the first to explore the United States (Florida); he was looking for gold and a “fountain of youth”

Hernan Cortés

Spanish explorer and conquistador, motivated by his search for gold, who is responsible for the fall of the Aztec empire

Moctezuma II

The ruler of the Aztecs when Cortés invaded; he was captured and killed

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador known for conquering the Inca empire in Peru during Atahualpa’s rule

The Caribbean islands, Central America, and South America

The region that was conquered by the early Spanish explorers