Neuron Structure and Neurotransmission (Page 1 Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key neuron components, their functions, and related concepts from Page 1 notes.

Axon

The wirelike structure that extends from the cell body and ends in terminal buttons, transmitting neural impulses.

Soma (Cell body)

The central part of the neuron containing the nucleus and organelles necessary to sustain life.

Dendrites

Rootlike extensions from the cell body that receive signals and form connections with other neurons.

Terminal buttons

End branches of the axon that contain and release neurotransmitters at synapses.

Synapse

The gap between the terminal buttons of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron where communication occurs.

Myelin sheath

A fatty covering around some axons that speeds neural impulses; deterioration (as in multiple sclerosis) impairs transmission.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers in terminal buttons that enable communication between neurons by binding to receptor sites.

Receptor sites

Locations on dendrites (or other neurons) that receive neurotransmitters, like a key fits a lock.

Neuron

A nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system.