neuro test 1 snodgrass

About _______% of the animals used in research are NOT lab-reared rodents.

7%

The ability of the brain to be changed by environmental inputs throughout the life span is called

plasticity

An experiment in which an animal's brain activity is mapped following exposure to a particular visual stimulus is an example of a

behavioral intervention.

Which neurological disorder has the highest prevalence in the United States?

Stroke

Worldwide, an estimated _______% will suffer from a mental disorder in a typical year.

38%

Which procedure would be part of a correlational study?

Measuring the extent of brain abnormalities in people with schizophrenia

Scientific explanations usually involve analysis on a simpler or more basic level of organization than that of the structure or function to be explained. This approach is known as

reductionism.

Certain classes of hormones modulate sexual behavior in many different species of vertebrates. This phenomenon is evidence of

the evolutionary continuity of species.

Personal awareness of one's own emotions, thoughts, movements, and experiences is called

consciousness.

Dendritic spines can change shape in the course of

seconds

true or false

There are no differences between the brains of heterosexual and homosexual men.

false

The notion of dualism as proposed by Descartes stated that

humans have a nonmaterial soul and a material body that are not the same.

Galen's views about the bodily origins of behavior were based on his observations of

the effects of head injuries in gladiators.

The term "somatic intervention" refers to

research procedures that alter the structure or function of the body.

Which question reflects a comparative/evolutionary perspective?

How are hormones involved in mating in different species of mammals?

Which technique could be used to influence behavior?

TMS

The most common type of neuron in vertebrates is the _______ neuron.

multipolar neuron

Which statement best describes the function of the glymphatic system?

It merges the lymphatic system with the vasculature to carry away waste products and deliver nutrients to the brain.

The anterior and middle cerebral arteries branch from the

internal carotid artery.

The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the

sylvian fissure

The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by

corpus callosum

Which structure(s) is(are) specialized for motor control?

caudate nucleus

Which structure is not part of the limbic system?

Putamen

The basal ganglia are particularly implicated in

motor control.

True or False: There are fewer glia than neurons in the CNS.

FALSE

Which type of cell is responsible for myelination within the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes

The brain and spinal cord are wrapped in protective membranes known collectively as the

Meninges

The superior colliculus is located within the

midbrain.

Which neuroanatomical method provides an outline of entire neurons, including all of the cell's processes (axons and dendrites)?

Golgi stain

The ventral roots of the spinal cord carry

Motor information to muscles

TRUE OR FALSE? CT's provide information about the activity level of brain regions?

false

A key finding of the Spanish neuroscientist Santiago Ramón Cajal was that neurons

are contiguous with one another.

is a Stellate cell a type of glial cell?

NO

If you wanted to hyperpolarize a neuron, which opsin would you insert and which color of light would you shine onto the neuron?

Halorhodopsin and yellow light

example of divergence?

A thalamic cell in the visual system sending information to many cortical cells

The resting membrane potential is

a product of the distribution of ions across the membrane.

The size of the gap between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse is______

20-40nm

Neurons process information by integrating (summing algebraically) the postsynaptic potentials through both _______ summation (summing potentials from different locations) and _______ summation (summing potentials across time).

spatial; temporal

At the peak of the action potential, the axonal membrane approaches the equilibrium potential for______

Na+

Which element is an anion in the extracellular or intracellular fluid

Chloride

Is ligand-gated associated with slow synapses?

NO

A patient has a seizure that does not involve the entire brain. Just before the seizure, the patient had an unusual sensation, and at the height of the seizure the patient was unresponsive. This patient most likely experienced a _______ seizure.

complex-partial

The absolute refractory period refers to the brief period of time

after a neuron has fired an action potential, during which the same neuron cannot fire another action potential.

In the knee-jerk reflex,

there are two synapses from stimulation to muscle contraction.

Postsynaptic potentials are a type of

graded-potential

Which sequence presents presynaptic events in the correct chronological order?

Action potential reaches axon terminal → calcium ion channels open → exocytosis → diffusion of neurotransmitter

The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal, the greater the

release of neurotransmitter.

The _______ predicts the voltage that develops when a permeable membrane separates different concentrations of ions. The measured value of the resting membrane potential varies slightly from this predicted value because the cell is somewhat permeable to _______.

Nernst equation; Na+

Norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of transmitters whose synaptic activity is terminated by

reuptake