EPIM2 Lesson 5 Grammar – Tenses

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts regarding English tenses, particularly focusing on the present perfect, past simple, and various forms of past tenses.

Present Perfect Simple

A verb tense used to describe actions completed in the past but relevant to the present.

• Example: I have lost my wallet.

Past Simple

A verb tense used for actions completed at a specific time in the past.

• Example: She graduated in 2019.

Past Continuous

A verb tense used to describe actions that were ongoing in the past.

• Example: They were studying when the power went out.

Past Perfect

A verb tense used to indicate an action that was completed before another action in the past.

• Example: The train had left by the time we arrived.

Past Perfect Continuous

A verb tense used to show that an action was ongoing in the past before another past action.

• Example: He had been working for 5 hours before his shift ended.

Verb Complementation

The way verbs combine with other words or phrases.

• Example: He decided to leave (verb + infinitive).

Time Adverbials

Words or phrases that indicate when an action took place.

• Example: Yesterday, last week, in 1990.

Indefinite Time

Refers to times in the past that are not specific.

• Example: Have you ever been to Paris?

Completed Actions

Past actions that have a relevance or outcome in the present.

• Example: I have broken my arm (and it is still in a cast).

Ongoing Actions

Actions that started in the past and are still continuing or relevant.

• Example: We have been friends for 10 years.

Habituality

Describes actions or states that repeat regularly in the past.

• Example: I used to swim every morning.