chapter 6 medical terminology

aden/o

gland

adenoid/o

adenoids; gland-like

an-, ana-

without; not; up; apart; again

anti-

against

bacter/i, bacteri/o

bacteria

brachy-

short

carcin/o

cancer

cyt/o, -cyte

cell

edem-, edemat/o

swelling

fer/o

to carry; bear

fung/i

fungus

gen-, gen/o, -gen

producing; origin

globin/o, -globulin

protein

immun/o

immune; protection

inter-

between

-ize

to make; treat

lymph/o

lymph

lymphaden/o

lymph gland; lymph node

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

lymphocyt/o

lymphocyte

mamm/o

breast

mega-, megal/o

large

meta-

beyond; change

neo-, ne/o

new

-oma

tumor; mass

onc/o

tumor

phag/o

eat; swallow

-phylactic, -phylaxis

protection; prevention

-plasm

formation; growth

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

splen/o

spleen

-stasis, -static

stopping; controlling

suppress/o

to stop; restrain

tele/o

distant

therap/o, therapeut/o

treatment

thym/o

thymus gland

-tic

pertaining to

tonsill/o

tonsils

tox/o

poison

acquired immunity

immunity developed after exposure to a disease or vaccine

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

severe immune system disease caused by HIV

adenocarcinoma

cancer of glandular tissue

adjuvant therapy

additional treatment given after primary cancer therapy

allergen

substance that causes an allergic reaction

allergic reaction

immune system overreaction to a substance

anaphylaxis

severe life-threatening allergic reaction

angiogenesis

formation of new blood vessels

anthrax

bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis

antiangiogenesis

therapy that blocks formation of blood vessels to tumors

antibiotic

drug that kills or slows bacteria

antibody (Ab)

protein produced to fight antigens

antifungal

drug used to treat fungal infections

antigen (Ag)

foreign substance that triggers immune response

antigen-antibody reaction

binding reaction between antibodies and antigens

antihistamines

drugs that reduce allergic reactions

antineoplastic drugs

drugs used to treat cancer

antiviral

drugs used to treat viral infections

autoimmune disorders

diseases where immune system attacks body tissue

bacillus

rod-shaped bacterium

bactericide

substance that kills bacteria

bacterium

single-celled microorganism

benign

noncancerous

bioimpedance spectroscopy

test measuring electrical flow through tissue

breast self examination (BSE)

self-check for breast lumps or changes

brachytherapy

internal radiation therapy

candidiasis

yeast infection caused by Candida

carcinoma

cancer of epithelial tissue

carcinoma in situ (CIS)

early cancer that has not spread

complement system

proteins that assist antibodies in destroying pathogens

corticosteroid drugs

anti-inflammatory drugs that suppress immune response

COVID-19

respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2

cytokines

immune signaling proteins

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

common virus affecting weakened immune systems

cytotoxic drugs

drugs toxic to cells used in chemotherapy

dendritic cells

immune cells that activate T-cells

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

early breast cancer in milk ducts

Ebola

severe viral hemorrhagic fever

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

lab test used to detect antibodies or antigens

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

virus that causes infectious mononucleosis

fungus

organism such as mold or yeast

giardiasis

intestinal infection caused by Giardia parasite

hemolytic

destroying red blood cells

herpes zoster (HZ)

shingles infection

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL)

cancer of lymphatic tissue

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

virus that attacks immune system

immunity

ability to resist infection

immunodeficiency disorders

conditions where immune system does not function properly

immunoglobulin (Ig)

antibody protein

immunosuppressant

drug that suppresses immune system

immunotherapy

treatment that enhances immune response

infectious mononucleosis

viral illness caused by EBV

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

breast cancer spreading from ducts

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

breast cancer spreading from lobules

inflammatory breast cancer

aggressive breast cancer causing swelling and redness

influenza (flu)

viral respiratory infection

interferons

proteins that interfere with viral replication

interleukins

cytokines regulating immune responses

Kaposi's sarcoma

cancer of blood vessel tissue often linked to AIDS

lumpectomy

surgical removal of breast tumor

Lyme disease

bacterial infection transmitted by tick bites