Chapter 1 Module 2

Nature-Nurture issue

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Natural Selection

The principal that, among the range of inherited trait variation, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Charles Darwin

Who created the theory of natural selection

Animal structures, and animal behaviors

Who did Charles Darwin believe his theory explained

Level of Analysis

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Biopsychosocial approach

An integrates approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural level of analysis (One thing affects the other, it’s like a circle

Behavioral

Effects on learning and environment on behavior and thoughts (how we learn and observe responses)

Biological

Genetic influence on individual differences

Cognitive

Thoughts’ and Memories’ impact on our behavior (how we encode, process, store, and receive information

Evolutionary

How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

Psychodynamic

Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior

Social-Cultural

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Psychometrics

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Basic Research

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Developmental Psychologists

Study our changing abilities from womb to tomb

Cognitive Psychologists

experiment with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

Educational Psychologists

Study the influences of teaching and learning

Personality Psychologists

Investigate our persistent traits

Social Psychologists

Exploring how we view and affect one another

Applied Research

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologists

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in the workplace

Human Factors Psychologists

An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environment can be made safe and easy to use

Counseling Psychologists

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being (school, work, marriage)

Clinical Psychologists

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Psychiatricts

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practice by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

Positive Psychology

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Community Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Freud

Who was the OLD psychoanalytic created by (if you see unconscious you know its the old version)

Abraham Maslow

Who was humanism founded by

He looked at growth and individuals believing that they could reach self actualization

What did Maslow believe in and look at

everyone being the best version of themselves (hierarchy of needs)

What is Self actualization

Carl Rogers

Who would call people clients instead of patients and gave client centered therapy